Use with MAO inhibitors
Escitalopram should not be administered simultaneously with MAO inhibitors because of the risk of developing serotonin syndrome. Escitalopram can be He appointed 14 days after discontinuation of treatment irreversible MAO inhibitors and at least 1 day after cessation of treatment reversible MAO-A inhibitors (moclobemide).
At least 7 days must pass after the end of taking escitalopram before treatment with nonselective MAO inhibitors can begin. The use of the drug in children and adolescents under the age of 18 Antidepressants are contraindicated for children and adolescents under the age of 18 years due to an increased risk of suicidal behavior (suicide attempts and suicidal thoughts), hostility (with a predominance of aggressive behavior, tendency to confrontation and irritation).
Young people under 25 years old with depression and other mental disorders, antidepressants, compared with placebo, increase the risk of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. Therefore, when appointing the drug and any other antidepressants to young people under the age of 25 years should be related to the risk of suicide and benefit from their use. In the case of the decision to initiate antidepressant therapy the patient should be monitored carefully for early detection of faults or changes in behavior, and suicidal tendencies.
Paradoxical anxiety
When using drugs belonging to the therapeutic group of SSRIs, including escitalopram, it should be borne in mind that in some patients with panic disorders at the beginning of SSRI treatment there may be an increase in anxiety. A similar paradoxical reaction usually disappears during the first two weeks of treatment. To reduce the likelihood of an anxiogenic effect, it is recommended to use low initial doses.
Epileptic seizures
The use of escitalopram should be discontinued if the patient has an epileptic seizure for the first time or his seizures become more frequent (in patients with epilepsy in the anamnesis).
Patients with unstable epilepsy should avoid SSRIs, and patients with controlled epilepsy should be carefully monitored.
Mania
Escitalopram is recommended with caution to prescribe to patients with mania, hypomania in the anamnesis. With the development of the manic state escitalopram should be canceled.
Diabetes
In patients with diabetes, treatment with escitalopram can change the level of glucose in the blood plasma. Therefore, it may be necessary to adjust the dosages of insulin and / or oral hypoglycemic drugs.
Suicide / suicidal thoughts or clinical worsening of depressive conditions
Careful monitoring of patients taking antidepressants is necessary, especially at the beginning of therapy because of the possibility of clinical deterioration and / or the appearance of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Clinical experience shows that an increased risk of suicide, as a rule, is observed in the early stages of recovery.
Other mental disorders, in which appoint escitalopram, may also be associated with an increased risk of suicidal actions and manifestations. In addition, these diseases can accompany severe depressive disorder. Precautions to be observed in the treatment of patients with severe depressive disorder also need to be observed in the treatment of patients with other psychiatric disorders.
It is known that patients with suicidal actions and manifestations in the anamnesis, or those who showed a suicidal orientation of thinking before treatment, are at greater risk of suicidal intentions or attempts, so they should be carefully observed during treatment.A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials of antidepressants in adult patients with mental disorders showed an increased risk of suicidal behavior when taking antidepressants compared with placebo in patients less than 25 years of age. Careful observation of patients, particularly those at high risk, should accompany drug therapy, especially at the beginning of treatment and after a dose change.
Patients and caregivers should be warned about the need to monitor any clinical impairment, suicidal behavior or intentions, and unusual behavioral changes, and seek medical attention immediately if they notice a manifestation of such symptoms.
Akathisia / psychomotor agitation
The use of SSRIs is associated with the development of akathisia - a condition characterized by an unpleasant debilitating anxiety and hyperactivity and is often accompanied by an inability to sit or stand in one place. This condition most likely occurs during the first few weeks of therapy. Increasing the dose may harm patients who have experienced such symptoms.
Hyponatremia
Against the background of taking the drug, hyponatremia occurs, possibly associated with a violation of the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Usually disappears when you cancel therapy.
Caution should be exercised in prescribing patients who have a history of or at risk of developing hyponatremia: elderly people, patients with cirrhosis.
Bleeding
Against the background of taking escitalopram, it is possible to develop skin hemorrhages (ecchymosis and purpura). It is necessary to use the drug with caution in patients with a risk of bleeding, as well as taking oral anticoagulants and drugs that affect blood clotting.
Electroconvulsive therapy
Care should be taken when using the drug and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) concomitantly, due to limited experience.
Serotonin syndrome
In patients receiving escitalopram and other SSRIs concomitantly with serotonergic drugs, in rare cases, a serotonin syndrome may develop. The development of this disease may be indicated by a combination of symptoms such as excitation, tremor, myoclonus, and hyperthermia.In this situation, you should immediately stop taking SSRIs and serotonergic drugs and begin symptomatic treatment.
Symptom of withdrawal after discontinuation of treatment
Symptoms of cancellation when discontinuing treatment are common, especially if the treatment is stopped dramatically. In clinical trials, adverse events in the withdrawal of treatment were observed in approximately 25% of patients who received escitalopram, and in 15% of patients taking placebo.
The risk of cancellation of treatment may depend on several factors, including the duration, dose of treatment, and the rate of dose reduction. The most common reactions are dizziness, sensory disturbances (including paresthesia and electric shock), sleep disturbances (including insomnia and bright dreams), agitation or anxiety, nausea and / or vomiting, tremor, confusion, sweating, headache, diarrhea, palpitations, emotional imbalance, irritability and visual disturbances. Typically, these symptoms are mild or moderate severity, but in some patients they can take a severe form.
They usually occur within the first few days after the withdrawal of treatment, with much less reported similar symptoms in patients who accidentally missed the dose.
As a rule, these symptoms are self-healing and usually last for 2 weeks, although some people may have a longer time (2-3 months or more). Therefore, it is recommended to gradually reduce the dose of escitalopram after cancellation of treatment for several weeks or months, depending on the needs of the patient.
Cardiac ischemia
Due to limited experience of use, care should be taken when using the drug in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
Cases of lengthening the interval QT
It was found that escitalopram causes a dose-dependent lengthening QT-Interval. Cases of lengthening the interval QT and ventricular arrhythmias, including bidirectional tachycardia, were recorded during the postgrade period, predominantly in female patients, with hypokalemia, or with an already existing interval elongation QT or other cardiovascular diseases.Care should be taken when recommending the drug to patients with severe bradycardia, patients who have recently had acute myocardial infarction or with uncompensated heart failure.
Electrolyte disorders, such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, increase the risk of a dangerous arrhythmia, and these diseases should be corrected before the appointment of escitalopram.
If the drug is prescribed to patients with persistent heart disease, ECG should be done before starting treatment.
If, during treatment with escitalopram, signs of cardiac arrhythmia appear, treatment should be discontinued and an ECG should be done.
Escitalopram does not enter with pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interaction with alcohol. However, as with other psychotropic drugs, concomitant use of escitalopram and alcohol is not recommended.