The effect of esomeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs drugs
The decrease in the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach against the background of treatment with esomeprazole and other inhibitors of the proton pump can lead to a change in the absorption of drugs, the absorption of which depends on the acidity of the medium. Like antacids and other drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice, the use of esomeprazole can lead to a decrease in the absorption of ketoconazole, itraconazole and erlotinib, and an increase in the absorption of such drugs as digoxin.
Simultaneous reception of esomeprazole at a dose of 20 mg once a day and digoxin increases the bioavailability of digoxin by 10% (bioavailability of digoxin increased by an amountup to 30% in two of 10 patients).
It is known about the interaction of esomeprazole with some antiretroviral drugs. The mechanisms and the clinical significance of these interactions are not always known. Increase in pH with esomeprazole therapy
may affect the absorption of antiretroviral drugs. Also
possible interaction on the level of isoenzyme FROMYP2S19.
When co-prescribing esomeprazole and some antiretroviral drugs, such as atazanavir and nelfinavir, against the background of therapy with esomeprazole, there is a decrease in their concentration in the serum. Therefore, their simultaneous application is not recommended.
The simultaneous use of esomeprazole 40 mg once daily and atazanavir 300 mg / ritonavir 100 mg in healthy volunteers resulted in a significant decrease in the bioavailability of atazanavir (AUC, as well as the maximum and minimum concentrations decreased by approximately 75%). An increase in the dose of atazanavir to 400 mg did not compensate for the effect of esomeprazole on the bioavailability of atazanavir.
With the simultaneous use of esomeprazole and saquinavir, an increase in the concentration of saquinavir in serum was noted; When used with some other antiretroviral drugs, their concentration did not change.Given the similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of omeprazole and esomeprazole, the combined use of esomeprazole with antiretroviral drugs, such as atazanavir and nelfinavir, Not recommended.
Esomeprazole inhibits isoenzyme CYP2C19 - the main enzyme involved in its metabolism. Accordingly, the joint use of esomeprazole with other drugs in the metabolism of which isoenzyme participates CYP2C19, such as diazepam, citalopram, imipramine, clomipramine, phenytoin , etc., can lead to an increase in the concentrations of these drugs in the plasma, which, in turn, may require a dose reduction. It is especially important to remember this interaction when prescribing the drug Esomeprazole Canon in "if necessary" mode. When co-administered 30 mg of esomeprazole and diazepam, which is a substrate of the isoenzyme CYP2C19, there is a decrease in clearance of diazepam by 45%.The administration of esomeprazole at a dose of 40 mg resulted in an increase in the residual concentration of phenytoin in patients with epilepsy by 13%. In this regard, it is recommended to monitor the concentrations of phenytoin in the plasma at the beginning of treatment with esomeprazole and when it is withdrawn.
Simultaneous use of esomeprazole in a dose of 40 mg leads to an increase in the concentration of phenytoin in the blood plasma in patients with epilepsy by 13%.
It is recommended to monitor the concentration of phenytonin in the blood plasma at the beginning of therapy with esomeprazole and when it is withdrawn.
When using esomeprazole in a dose of 40 mg once a day increases AUC and TSmah voriconazole (substrate isoenzyme CYP2C19) by 15% and 41% respectively.
The simultaneous administration of warfarin and 40 mg of esomeprazole does not lead to a change in coagulation time in patients taking long-term warfarin. However, several cases of a clinically significant increase in the INR index (an international normalized ratio) have been reported with the combined use of warfarin and esomeprazole. It is recommended to monitor the INR at the beginning and after the end of the joint use of esomeprazole and warfarin or other coumarin derivatives.
Joint use of cisapride with 40 mg of esomeprazole leads to an increase in the pharmacokinetic parameters of cisapride in healthy volunteers: AUC - by 18% and T1/2 by 26%, for one of the active metabolites of cytostasol, the increase was 29% and 69%, respectively.Simultaneous use of esomeprazole in a dose of 40 mg with cisapride increases the pharmacokinetic parameters of cisapride in healthy volunteers: AUC by 32% and T1/2 by 31%, however, Cmax while not significantly changed.
Slight lengthening of the interval QT, which was observed with monotherapy with cisapride, did not increase with addition of esomeprazole.
Some patients reported increased concentrations of methotrexate in serum on the background of simultaneous use with proton pump inhibitors. When high doses of methotrexate are used
consider the possibility of temporary withdrawal of esomeprazole.
Esomeprazole does not cause clinically significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and quinidine.
Studies evaluating the short-term joint use of esomeprazole and naproxen or rofecoxib have not revealed a clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction.
Simultaneous short-term use of esomeprazole and naproxen or rofecoxib did not reveal clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction.
In the clinical study, the interaction was studied using clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose, then 75 mg / day) with esomeprazole (80 mg) at the same time, at the same time for 5 days.The activity of the thiol metabolite (active metabolite) of clopidogrel was reduced by 46% (1st day of therapy) and 42% (5th day of therapy), with the use of clopidogrel and omeprazole at the same time. When taking clopidogrel and esomeprazole at one time, the average suppression of platelet aggregation (IRA) was reduced by 47% (within 24 hours of therapy) and 30% (5th day of therapy).
According to the results of another study: esomeprazole when used with clopidogrel not at one time, at different times, does not have an inhibitory effect on the isoenzyme CYP2C19. In the studies, conflicting evidence of clinical manifestations of interaction with clopidogrel in the cardiovascular system was recorded.
With simultaneous application with tacrolimus, an increase in serum concentrations of tacrolimus is possible.
The effect of drugs on the pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole In the metabolism of esomeprazole, isozymes participate CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Joint use of esomeprazole with clarithromycin (500 mg 2 times in day), which inhibits the isoenzyme value AUC esomeprazole 2 times.
Joint use of esomeprazole and a combined inhibitor of isoenzyme CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, for example, voriconazole, can lead to more than 2-fold increase in the value AUC for esomeprazole. As a rule, in such cases, do not need to adjust the dose of esomeprazole.
Medicines inducing isoenzymes CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, such as rifampicin and preparations of St. John's wort penetrated, with simultaneous use with esomeprazole may lead to a decrease in the concentration of esomeprazole in the blood plasma by accelerating the metabolism of esomeprazole.