Has direct antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo on different lines of tumor cells. According to the spectrum of cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on tumor cells, the drug corresponds to the tumor necrosis factor α human, but the drug has more than 100 times less overall toxicity than tumor necrosis factor.
Mechanism of antitumor effect of the drug in vivo includes several ways in which the drug destroys the tumor or stops its growth:
- direct effect of tumor necrosis factor-thymosin alpha-1 on the target tumor cell through appropriate receptors on its surface, resulting in apoptosis of the cell (cytotoxic action) or cell cycle arrest (cytostatic action);
- a cascade of chemical reactions, including activation of the coagulation system of blood and local inflammatory reactions caused by activated endothelial cells and lymphocytes and leading to hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors;
- Blocking of angiogenesis, leading to a decrease in the germination of new vessels of a rapidly growing tumor and, as a consequence, to a decrease in blood supply up to necrosis of the tumor center;
- the effect of cells of the immune system, the cytotoxicity of which turned out to be closely related to the presence of molecules tumor necrosis factor-thymosin alpha-1 on their surface or the process of maturation / activation of these cells is associated with a response to tumor necrosis factor-thymosin alpha-1. Has direct antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo on different lines of tumor cells. According to the spectrum of cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on tumor cells, the drug corresponds to the tumor necrosis factor α human, but the drug has more than 100 times less overall toxicity than tumor necrosis factor α.