Potassium chloride (Potassium chloride)

Composition Pharmacodynamics Indications Carefully Contraindications Dosing and Administration Side effects Form release / dosage
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Dosage form: & nbspconcentrate for solution for infusion
Composition:

Active substance: potassium chloride - 30,40,75 or 150 mg.

Excipients:

hydrochloric acid solution 1M - to pH 3.0-4.0; leading for injection - up to 1 ml.

Theoretical osmolarity:

805 mOsm / l (30 mg / ml concentrate)

1074 mOsm / l (40 mg / ml concentrate)

2013 mOsm / l (75 mg / ml concentrate)

4026 mOsm / l (150 mg / ml concentrate).
Description:Transparent colorless liquid.
Pharmacotherapeutic group:Potassium preparation
ATX: & nbsp
  • Potassium chloride
    • Pharmacodynamics:

    Potassium preparation, restores water-electrolyte balance. Has a negative chrono- and batmotropic effect, in high doses - negative foreign and dromotropic, as well as moderate diuretic effect. In small doses, the potassium drug dilates the coronary vessels, in large - narrows. Participates in the process of carrying out nerve impulses. With intravenous administration, adrenaline is increased by the adrenal glands.

    Activates many cytoplasmic enzymes, participates in maintaining intracellular osmotic pressure, in protein-synthetic reactions and amino acid transport. Improves the contraction of skeletal muscles in muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis. Increase in potassium concentration reduces the risk of toxic effects of cardiac glycosides.
    Indications:

    Hypokalemia (including diabetes mellitus, prolonged diarrhea and / or vomiting, therapy with antihypertensive drugs, certain diuretics, glucocorticosteroids), treatment and prevention of glycoside intoxication, paroxysmal tachycardia, prevention and treatment of ectopic arrhythmias in patients with myocardial infarction (acute) .

    Contraindications:

    Hyperkalemia, complete atrioventricular block, adrenal chronic renal failure, concomitant therapy with potassium-sparing diuretics, metabolic disorders (acidosis, hypovolaemia with hyponatremia), age under 18 years (efficacy and safety not established).

    Pregnancy and lactation:

    If necessary, use in pregnancy should be compared with the expected benefit for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.

    During the period of breastfeeding, the question of its cessation should be resolved.

    Dosing and Administration:

    Intravenously sprayed, if necessary intravenously drip in combination with 5% dextrose solution.

    With hypokalemia with a violation of the heart rhythm - 1-1.5 g 4-5 times a day; after restoring the heart rhythm, the dose is reduced.With glycosidic intoxication - 2-3 g / day, in severe cases - up to 5 g. For arresting attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia on the first day - 8-12 g, followed by a decrease to 3-6 g.

    In severe intoxications, requiring rapid elimination of pathological phenomena, as well as persistent vomiting, the drug is administered intravenously. Apply 4% solution of the drug in 40% glucose solution. 50 ml of the solution is diluted (to obtain an isotonic solution) with water for injection 10 times (up to 500 ml) and droplets are injected 20-30 drops per minute). You can also inject intravenously drip at the rate of 2.5 g in 500 ml of a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride or 5 % solution of dextrose.

    For the prevention and treatment of ectopic arrhythmias in myocardial infarction - a polarizing mixture: potassium chloride solution in 5% - 10% dextrose solution (short-acting insulin is added at the rate of 1 ED for 3-4 g of dry dextrose).
    Side effects:

    From the nervous system: paresthesia, muscle weakness, confusion.

    From the side, the cardiovascular system: lowering blood pressure, arrhythmia, blockade of the heart, cardiac arrest.

    Other: hyperkalemia, allergic reactions.

    Overdose:

    Symptoms: hyperkalemia (muscle hypotension, paresthesia of the limbs, slowing of atrioventricular conduction, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest). Early clinical signs of hyperkalemia usually appear at a potassium concentration in the blood serum of more than 6 meq / l: taper T, tooth extinction U (with its presence in the previous cardiograms), a decrease in the segment, S-T, interval elongation Q-T, expansion of the complex QRS. More severe symptoms of hyperkalemia - muscle paralysis and cardiac arrest - develop at a potassium concentration of 9-10 meq / L.

    Treatment: inside or intravenously - 0; 9% solution of sodium chloride intravenously - 300-500 ml 5% solution of dextrose (with 10-20 units of insulin per liter); if necessary, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

    Interaction:

    Pharmaceutically compatible with solutions of cardiac glycosides (improves their tolerability).

    Strengthens the negative dromo- and batmotropic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs.

    Beta-blockers, ciclosporin, potassium-sparing diuretics, heparin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may increase the risk of hyperkalemia.

    Special instructions:

    During the treatment it is necessary to control the content of potassium ions in, serum, electrocardiogram, in the treatment of hypokalemia - control of the acid-base state.

    Safety and effectiveness of potassium chloride in children have not been established.

    A diet with a high sodium content increases the excretion of potassium from the body.

    It should be borne in mind that hyperkalemia, leading to death, can develop rapidly and proceed asymptomatically.

    Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:Not studied.
    Form release / dosage:

    Concentrate for the preparation of a solution for infusions of 30 mg / ml, 40 mg / ml, 75 mg / ml and 150 mg / ml.

    Packaging:

    100 ml, 200 ml in glass bottles for blood, transfusion and infusion or pharmaceutical preparations, corked with rubber stoppers and crimped with aluminum caps.

    A bottle with instructions for use is placed in a pack of cardboard.

    For hospitals: 35 bottles of 100 ml or 28 bottles of 200 ml, together with an equal number of instructions for use, are placed in boxes of corrugated cardboard with gaskets, with baffles or with grids ("nests") without pre-packing.

    5 ml or 10 ml into neutral glass ampoules.

    For 10 ampoules, together with the instruction for use and the ampoule opening opener or ampoule scarifier, is placed in a cardboard box.

    5 ampoules per circuit cell box made of polyvinyl chloride film and foil of aluminum printed lacquered or foil-free.

    2 contour mesh packages along with the instruction for use are placed in a pack of cardboard.

    When using ampoules with notches, rings or break points, the ampoule opener opener or ampoule scarifier is allowed not to be inserted.

    Storage conditions:

    At a temperature of 2 to 30 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Shelf life:3 years. After expiration date the drug should not be used.
    Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription
    Registration number:LP-000345
    Date of registration:22.02.2011 / 15.09.2014
    The owner of the registration certificate:DALHIMFARM, OJSC DALHIMFARM, OJSC Russia
    Manufacturer: & nbsp
    Information update date: & nbsp15.09.2015
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