Active substanceChlorambucilChlorambucil
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Dosage form: & nbspCoated tablets
Composition:1 tablet contains:
Components Content
(mg / tablet)
Active substance:
Chlorambucil 2,1

Excipients:
Lactose anhydrous 67,65
Microcrystalline cellulose 29
Silicon colloid anhydrous 0,25
Stearic acid 1
Opadry® Brown 3
YS-1-16655-A
Hypromellose 1,8
Titanium dioxide 0,21
Macrogol (PEG 400) 0,24
Iron oxide of yellow 0,6
Iron oxide red 0.16

Notes:

1. This dosage form contains a 5% excess of the active ingredient.


2. Water and 96% ethanol in the ratio of 50: 50 (volume / volume), used in the manufacturing process at the stage of film coating, are removed and the finished product is not contained.
Description:

Brown round biconvex tablets, covered with a shell, on one side of which an inscription is engraved "L", but on the other side "GX EG3"

Pharmacotherapeutic group:antitumor agent, alkylating compound
ATX: & nbsp

L.01.A.A.02   Chlorambucil

Pharmacodynamics:

Chlorambucil refers to aromatic derivative of nitrogenous mustard gas and acts as a bifunctional alkylating agent. In addition to influencing DNA replication, chlorambucil causes apoptosis of cells by accumulation of the cytosolic protein p53 followed by activation of the apoptosis promoter (Bax-Bs12 associated X protein).

The cytotoxic effect of chlorambucil is due to both chlorambucil itself and its main metabolite, the mustard of phenylacetic acid.

The mechanism of development of sustainability:

It is shown that resistance to nitrogen mustards is formed as a result of transport disorders of these substances and their derivatives with the help of various proteins that cause multiple resistance, violations of the kinetics of DNA cross-linking caused by these substances, changes in the process of apoptosis and violations of DNA repair processes. Chlorambucil is not a substrate of the multiple resistance protein 1 (BMP1 or ABCC1), but its glutathione conjugates are substrates of the BMP1 (ABCC1) and BMP2 (ABCC2) proteins.

Pharmacokinetics:

Suction:

Chlorambucil is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract through passive diffusion and within 15-30 minutes after admission it reaches the systemic blood flow. Bioavailability of chlorambucil after a single dose 10-200 mg orally is about 70 to 100%.Maximum plasma concentrations (492 ± 160 ng / ml) are achieved after 0.25-2 h after administration. The individual spread of pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorambucil in plasma after taking the drug inwards at doses of 15 to 70 mg was relatively small (a twofold spread in individual patients and a 2-4-fold variation in the exponent AUC (area under the pharmacokinetic curve "concentration-time") between patients), which is consistent with the rapid and predictable process of absorption of chlorambucil.

The absorption of chlorambucil decreases when taken after eating. Eating increases the average time to reach the maximum concentration FROMmax more than 100%, reduces the maximum concentration in the plasma by more than 50% and reduces the average AUC (0-) about 27%.

Distribution:

The volume of distribution of chlorambucil withis about 0.14-0.24 l / kg. Chlorambucil covalently binds to plasma proteins, mainly with albumin (98%), and also covalently binds to erythrocytes.

Metabolism:

Chlorambucil is actively metabolized in the liver by mono-dichloroethylation and beta oxidation with the formation of yperite of phenylacetic acid (IPA) as the main metabolite with alkylating activity. Chlorambucil and IFNCs are destroyed in vivo to form mono- and di-hydroxy derivatives. Besides, chlorambucil reacts with glutathione, resulting in the formation of mono- and di-glutathione conjugates of chlorambucil. After the administration of chlorambucil at a dose of approximately 0.2 mg / kg in some patients, the IFC was detected after 15 minutes, and the plasma concentration corrected for the average dose (Cmax), was 306 ± 73 ng / ml and was determined for 1 to 3 hours.

Excretion:

The half-life in the terminal phase was 1.3-1.5 hours for chlorambucil and about 1.8 hours for IFC. The degree of renal excretion of chlorambucil and IFC is very low; within 24 hours is excreted by the kidneys less than 1 % injected dose of each of these substances, and the rest of the dose is derived mainly in the form of mono- and di-hydroxy derivatives.

Indications:

- Lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease)

- Malignant lymphomas (including lymphosarcoma)

- chronic lymphocytic leukemia

- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia

Contraindications:

- Hypersensitivity to any component of this drug;

- pregnancy and lactation period

Carefully:

(it is necessary to compare the risk and benefit) - depression of the bone marrow function (pronounced leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia); chicken pox (currently or recently transferred), herpes zoster, acute infectious diseases of viral, fungal and bacterial nature, bone marrow infiltration by tumor cells, gout (history), nephrourolytiasis urate, head trauma (history), epilepsy (in anamnesis ), severe liver and kidney disease.

Dosing and Administration:

The drug Leukeran is usually one of the components of combination therapy, so when choosing the doses and dosage regimen should refer to the special literature. The drug is taken internally. Leukeran should be taken daily an hour before meals or 3 hours after meals. Tablets should not be divided into parts.

Lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease).

In the form of monotherapy for the palliative treatment of a common form of the disease, the Leukeran drug is usually used at a dose of 0.2 mg / kg of body weight per day for 4-8 weeks.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
In the form of monotherapy, the drug Leukeran is usually used initially at a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg / kg body weight per day for 4-8 weeks, followed by maintenance therapy or less daily untilth, or intermittent courses.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The initial dose of Leukeran is 0.15 mg / kg body weight per day until the total number of white blood cells decreases to 10,000 / μL. After 4 weeks after the end of the first course of therapy, the treatment can be resumed at a maintenance dose of 0.1 mg / kg of body weight per day. Macleoglobulinemia Valdepstrema The drug Leukeran is the drug of choice. The initial dose is 6-12 mg / day daily, and after the development of leukopenia, it is recommended to switch to maintenance therapy at a dose of 2-8 mg / day daily for an unlimited period of time.

Special patient groups Children

The drug Leukeran can be used to treat lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children, using the same schemes as in adults.

With lymphocyte infiltration of the bone marrow or in the case of bone marrow hypoplasia, the daily dose of the drug Leukeran should not exceed 0.1 mg / kg body weight. Patients with impaired renal function There is no need for dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function. Patients with impaired liver function When the liver function is necessaryDimo carefully monitor the development of toxic effects in patients. As chlorambucil is metabolized mainly in the liver, with severe violations of liver function, a reduction in the dose of Leukeran is required. However, there is insufficient data on the use of the drug in this group of patients, which make it possible to propose specific recommendations for dose adjustment.
Side effects:

Frequency determination: very often (> 1/10), often (> 1/100 to <1/10), sometimes (> 1/1000 to <1/100) rarely (> 1 / 10,000 to <1 / 1000), very rarely (<1/10000).

On the part of the hematopoiesis system: very often - leukopenia (reversible if the drug is stopped on time), thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, a decrease in hemoglobin; extremely rare - irreversible oppression of bone marrow function.

From the gastrointestinal tract: often - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ulceration of the oral mucosa; rarely - hepatotoxic effect of toxic-allergic genesis (hepatonecrosis or cirrhosis, cholestasis, jaundice).

From the respiratory system: very rarely - interstitial lung fibrosis (with prolonged use of chlorambucil), interstitial pneumonia.

Allergic reactions: sometimes - a skin rash; rarely - urtikaropodobnaya rash, angioedema; extremely rarely - multiforme erythema exudative (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome).

From the nervous system: often - convulsions in children with nephrotic syndrome; rarely - local and / or generalized seizures in children and adults receiving chlorambucil in therapeutic doses daily or courses of high-dose pulse therapy; very rarely - uncertainty when walking, tremor, muscle twitching, peripheral neuropathy, paresis, agitation, confusion, marked weakness, anxiety, hallucinations.

From the urinary system: extremely rarely - aseptic cystitis.

Other: hyperuricemia or nephropathy due to increased uric acid formation (the result of rapid cell decay), menstrual irregularity, secondary amenorrhea, azoospermia, secondary malignancy
Overdose:Symptoms: reversible pancytopenia, increased excitability, ataxia, repeated epileptoid seizures of the type grand mal. The specific antidote is not known.Medical measures: immediate gastric lavage, monitoring and maintenance of vital body functions, careful monitoring of blood tests and general supportive activities, including transfusion of blood or its components according to indications. Dialysis is not effective.
Interaction:

When used simultaneously with drugs that oppress hemopoiesis, it is possible to increase myelotoxicity.

When used simultaneously with antidotal drugs, correction of doses of the latter (chlorambucil can increase the concentration of uric acid in the blood).

Tricyclic antidepressants, as well as haloperidol, maprotiline, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenothiazine or thioxanthene derivatives can reduce the threshold convulsive readiness and increase the risk of seizures.

Preparations, intensively binding to plasma proteins, increase the toxicity of chlorambucil (competition at the level of binding to plasma proteins).

When used with inactivated viral vaccines, there was a decrease the production of antibodies in response to the administration of the vaccine.When used with live viral vaccines, there was an intensification of the replication process of the vaccine virus, an increase in its adverse / adverse effects and / or a decrease in antibody production.
Analogues of purine nucleosides (flu-darabin, pentostatin, cladribine) increased the cytotoxicity of chlorambucil in studies in vitro, However, the clinical significance of these data is not determined.
Special instructions:

Leukeran is a cytotoxic agent that should be used only under the supervision of a physician with experience in the use of such drugs.

With an undamaged outer shell, the contact of Leukeran tablets with the skin is harmless. The division of tablets is prohibited. When using Leykeran tablets should be carry out recommendations on the use of cytotoxic drugs.

Since Leukeran can cause irreversible suppression of bone marrow function, during the treatment it is necessary to perform a systematic blood test (at least 2-3 times per week) with counting the formed elements of peripheral blood. When used in therapeutic doses, Leukeran inhibits the production of lymphocytes and to a lesser extent affects the number of neutrophils and platelets, as well as the level of hemoglobin.

It is not necessary to stop taking Leukeran at the first sign of a decrease in the number of neutrophils, but remember that a decrease in the number of neutrophils can continue for 10 or more days after the last dose. Patients previously treated with cytostatic drugs or undergoing radiation therapy, Leukeran is prescribed no earlier than 1.5-2 months after the end of the previous treatment, provided there is no pronounced leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia.

Children with nephrotic syndrome, patients receiving high-dose pulsed therapy with Leykeran, as well as patients with convulsive seizures in the anamnesis should be carefully monitored by the doctor during the course of treatment with Leykeran, since they may have a higher risk of seizures. Patients with violations of the excretory function of the kidney should be carefully monitored, as. they can develop more pronounced myelosuppression associated with azotemia.

When the concentration of uric acid in the blood serum increases, the use of funds that alkalinize urine is recommended. The development of nephropathy can be prevented by adequate fluid intake or by prescribingallopurinol, if necessary.

Patients with severe impairment of liver function should be given smaller doses.

Since the use of alkylating agents is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of acute leukemia, when chlorambucil is prescribed, it is necessary to compare the risk of acute leukemia with the potential therapeutic effect of this drug.

Patients of childbearing age should use reliable methods of contraception.

Form release / dosage:Tablets coated with a coat of 2 mg.
Packaging:

For 25 tablets in bottles of dark glass, sealed with a membrane and sealed with a screw cap with an anti-opening device for children. One bottle with instructions for use in a cardboard pack.

Storage conditions:

At a temperature of 2 - 8 ° C in a place inaccessible to children.

Shelf life:

3 years. Do not use the drug after the expiry date printed on the package.

Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription
Registration number:П N015965 / 01
Date of registration:12.08.2009
The owner of the registration certificate:Aspen Pharma Trading LimitedAspen Pharma Trading Limited
Manufacturer: & nbsp
Information update date: & nbsp20.09.2015
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