Common Adverse Reactions
(for all indications for the use of iodine-containing radiocontrast agents).
The following are the possible common side effects associated with the use of non-ionic monomers. Side effects specific to a particular mode of administration, see the relevant sections. Hypersensitivity reactions can occur regardless of the dose and mode of administration, mild symptoms may be harbingers of a serious anaphylactoid reaction / shock. In this case, the administration of the radiopaque means should be immediately stopped and, if necessary, the intravascular administration of specific therapeutic agents is started.
After the administration of the iodine-containing radiopaque agent, an insignificant transient increase in the serum creatinine concentration is observed, possibly the development of contrast-induced nephropathy.
Iodism or iodine guinea pig is a rare reaction to the introduction of iodine-containing radiocontrast agents, expressed in the increase and soreness of the salivary glands after a study of up to 10 days. The reported incidence of adverse reactions is based on the primary clinical documentation and published research data, in which more than 90,000 patients participated.
The incidence of adverse events is classified as follows: very often (≥1/10), often (≥1 / 100 to <1/10), infrequently (≥1 / 1000 to <1/100), rarely (≥1 / 10000 to < 1/1000), very rarely (<1/10000), is unknown (the frequency can not be determined from the available data).
Immune system disorders
Rarely: hypersensitivity reactions (including dyspnea, rash, erythema, urticaria, pruritus, skin reactions, vasculitis, angioedema, laryngeal edema, laryngospasm, bronchospasm or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema).Reactions can occur immediately after the injection or a few days later.
Unknown: anaphylactic / anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic / anaphylactoid shock.
Disturbances from the nervous system
Rarely: headache.
Very rarely: dysgeusia (transient sensation of "metallic" taste in the oral cavity).
Unknown: faint.
Disorders from the cardiovascular system
Rarely: aetiology.
Vascular disorders
Very rarely: increased blood pressure, lower blood pressure.
Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract
Infrequently: nausea.
Rarely: vomiting.
Very rarely: diarrhea, pain / discomfort in the abdomen.
Unknown: an increase in the salivary glands.
General disorders and disorders at the site of administration
Often: a feeling of heat.
Rarely: fever.
Very rarely: chills.
Trauma, intoxication and complications of manipulation
Unknown: iodism.
Intravascular administration (intraarterially and intravenously)
Please read the section "Common Adverse Reactions" first. Only those undesirable reactions that occur with intravascular administration of nonionic monomeric radiopaque agents are described below.
The nature of adverse reactions that occur with intra-arterial administration depends on the site of injection and the dose administered. Selective angiography and other procedures in which high concentrations of radiopaque means reach a particular organ can be accompanied by development complications in this body.
Immune system disorders
Unknown: severe skin reactions in the form of pustules or bullae.
Endocrine disorders
Unknown: thyrotoxicosis, transient hypothyroidism.
Disorders of the psyche
Unknown: confusion.
Disturbances from the nervous system
Rarely: dizziness.
Very rarely: convulsions, impaired consciousness, encephalopathy, stupor, disorders in the sensory sphere (including hypoesthesia), paresthesia, tremor.
It is not known: transient motor dysfunction (including speech disturbance, aphasia, dysarthria), transient memory loss, disorientation, coma and retrograde amnesia.
Disturbances on the part of the organ of sight
Unknown: transient cortical blindness.
Hearing and balance disorders
Unknown: Transient hearing loss.
Disorders from the cardiovascular system
Rarely: arrhythmia (including bradycardia, tachycardia).
Very rarely: myocardial infarction.
Unknown: severe complications (including cardiac arrest, cardiac arrest and respiration), spasm of the coronary arteries, chest pain.
Vascular disorders
Very rarely: "hot flashes".
Unknown: shock, arterial spasm, ischemia, thrombophlebitis and thrombosis.
Disturbances from the respiratory system and the mediastinum
Rarely: cough.
Very rarely: dyspnea, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Unknown: severe symptoms and signs of respiratory disorders, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, asthma attack.
Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract
Rarely: diarrhea.
Unknown: exacerbation of pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis.
Disturbances from the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Unknown: bullous dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug rash, accompanied by eosinophilia and general symptoms, exacerbation of psoriasis.
Disturbances from musculoskeletal and connective tissue
Unknown: arthralgia.
Disorders from the kidneys and urinary tract
Rarely: renal dysfunction, including acute renal failure.
General disorders and reactions at the injection site
Often: a feeling of heat.
Infrequent: pain and discomfort.
Rarely: asthenic condition (eg, malaise, fatigue). Unknown: reactions at the injection site (including extravasation), back pain.
Intrathecal administration
Please read the section "Common Adverse Reactions" first. Only those undesirable reactions that occur when intrathecal administration of non-ionic monomeric radiopaque substances are described below are described.
In case of intrathecal administration, unwanted reactions can occur after several hours or even days after the diagnostic procedure. The frequency of adverse reactions is the same as after lumbar puncture. Headache, nausea, vomiting, or dizziness can be largely due to a decrease in pressure in the subarachnoid space due to leakage of the cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture hole. To minimize the pressure drop, you must avoid removing too much cerebrospinal fluid.
Disorders of the psyche
Unknown: confusion.
Disturbances from the nervous system
Very often: headache (can be severe and prolonged).
Infrequent: Aseptic meningitis (including chemical meningitis).
Rarely: convulsions, dizziness.
Unknown: abnormalities in the electroencephalogram, meningism, transient encephalopathy, including temporary memory loss, coma, stupor and retrograde amnesia, motor dysfunction (including speech disorders, aphasia, dysarthria), paresthesia, hypesthesia and impaired sensory function.
Disturbances on the part of the organ of sight
Unknown: transient cortical blindness, photophobia.
Hearing and balance disorders
Unknown: Transient hearing loss.
Disorders from the digestive system
Often: nausea, vomiting.
Disorders from the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
Rarely: pain in the neck, back pain.
Unknown: muscle spasms.
General disorders and reactions at the injection site
Rarely: pain in the limbs.
Unknown: reactions at the injection site.
Intracavernal administration
Please read the section "Common Adverse Reactions" first. Only those unwanted reactions are described below,which arise when intracavitary administration of nonionic monomeric radiopaque substances.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Infringements from digestive system
Often: pancreatitis, increased concentration of amylase in the blood.
Oral administration
Disorders from the digestive system
Very often: diarrhea.
Often: nausea, vomiting.
Infrequent: pain in the abdomen.
Hysterosalpingography (GHA)
Disorders from the digestive system
Very often: pain in the lower abdomen.
Arthrography
Disorders from the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
Unknown: arthritis.
General disorders and reactions at the injection site
Very often: pain.
Gerniography
General disorders and reactions at the injection site
Unknown: pain after the procedure.
Description of some unwanted reactions
It was reported thromboembolic complications in contrast cardioangiography and angiography of the cerebral, renal and peripheral arteries. The introduction of radiopaque means could contribute to the development of these complications.
Cases are described cardiological complications, including acute myocardial infarction, during or after coronary angiography with radiopaque enhancement. In elderly patients or in the presence of severe coronary artery disease, unstable angina and left ventricular dysfunction, the risk of cardiac complications is increased. In very rare cases, the radiocontrast can pass through the blood-brain barrier into the cerebral cortex, which can lead to transient neurological reactions, in particular, convulsions, transient motor or sensory disturbances, confusion, memory loss and encephalopathy.
When anaphylactoid reaction and shock can develop severe arterial hypotension and associated with her hypoxic encephalopathy, renal and hepatic insufficiency.
In some cases, extravasation of radiopaque means there are local pain and swelling, but these symptoms are resolved without consequences. Cases of inflammation, tissue necrosis and the appearance of compartmental syndrome are described.
Pediatric Use
There have been reports of cases of transient hypothyroidism in children, including preterm and newborns,after the introduction of iodine-containing radiocontrast agents.
Premature babies are particularly sensitive to iodine effects.
The case of transient hypothyroidism in a preterm child was reported. The mothers of this child reintroduced Omnipac®. An adequate rehydration is necessary before and after the introduction of radiopaque means, this is especially important for young children. Nephrotoxic drugs should be discontinued. Reduced glomerular filtration, characteristic of young children, can also lead to a delayed removal of radiopaque substances.