Clinical and pharmacological group: & nbsp

Antiviral drugs (excluding HIV)

Included in the formulation
  • Vero-Ribavirin
    capsules inwards 
    VEROPHARM SA     Russia
  • Virazol®
    concentrate d / infusion 
  • Devirs®
    cream externally 
    VERTEKS, AO     Russia
  • Rebetol®
    capsules inwards 
  • Ribavin®
    capsules inwards 
    Lupine Co., Ltd.     India
  • Ribavirin
    capsules inwards 
    FARMPROJECT, CJSC     Russia
  • Ribavirin
    capsules inwards 
    VERTEKS, AO     Russia
  • Ribavirin
    pills inwards 
    PRANAFARM, LLC     Russia
  • Ribavirin
    pills inwards 
    VALENTA PHARM, PAO     Russia
  • Ribavirin
    capsules inwards 
    OZONE, LLC     Russia
  • Ribavirin Canon
    pills inwards 
  • Ribavirin-LIPINT®
    lyophilizate inwards 
    VECTOR-MEDICA, CJSC     Russia
  • Ribavirin-SZ
    capsules inwards 
    NORTH STAR, CJSC     Russia
  • Ribavirin-SZ
    capsules inwards 
    NORTH STAR, CJSC     Russia
  • Ribavirin-FPO
    pills inwards 
  • Ribavirin-FPO®
    capsules inwards 
  • Ribamidyl®
    pills inwards 
    BIOFARMA, CJSC     Russia
  • Ribapeg®
    pills inwards 
    NIZHFARM, JSC     Russia
  • Ribapeg®
    capsules inwards 
    NIZHFARM, JSC     Russia
  • Trivorin
    capsules inwards 
  • Included in the list (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2782-r of 30.12.2014):

    VED

    АТХ:

    J.05.A.B   Nucleosides and nucleotides

    J.05.A.B.04   Ribavirin

    Pharmacodynamics:

    An antiviral agent. Quickly penetrates into the cells and acts inside the virus-infected cells. Intracellularly ribavirin it is easily phosphorylated by adenosine kinase to mono-, di- and triphosphate metabolites. Ribavirin triphosphate is a strong competitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, RNA polymerase of influenza virus and guanylyl transferase of information RNA, the latter being manifested by inhibition of the coating process by an RNA-envelope. These various effects lead to a significant decrease in the amount of intracellular guanosine triphosphate, as well as suppression of the synthesis of viral RNA and protein. Ribavirin inhibits the replication of new virions, which reduces the viral load, selectively inhibits the synthesis of viral RNA, without suppressing the synthesis of RNA in normally functioning cells.

    The most active against DNA viruses - the respiratory syncytial virus, the virus Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, adenoviruses, CMV, smallpox viruses,Marek's disease; RNA viruses - influenza A, B viruses, paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza, mumps, Newcastle disease), reoviruses, arenaviruses (Lassa fever virus, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever), bunyaviruses (Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus), hantaviruses (hemorrhagic fever virus with renal or pulmonary syndrome) paramyxoviruses, oncogenic RNA viruses.

    When treating hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome reduces the severity of the disease, reduces the duration of symptoms (fever, oliguria, pain in the lumbar region, abdomen, headache), improves laboratory indicators of kidney function, reduces the risk of hemorrhagic complications and an unfavorable outcome of the disease.

    DNA viruses are insensitive to ribavirin - Varicella zoster, pseudorabies virus, cowpox; RNA viruses - enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, encephalitis virus of the forest Semliki.

    Pharmacokinetics:

    F 45 ± 5% (significantly increased when taken with fatty foods). VD 9.3 ± 1.5 l / kg. Concentration in the CNS is 50% plasma. There is no connection with plasma proteins. Biotransformation in the liver.Half-life after a single dose of 27-36 hours, after a multiple of 200-300 hours. Cl 5 ± 1 ml / min. Elimination of the kidneys (61%) and feces (12%, unchanged, 17% of the drug is excreted). Slightly removed during hemodialysis.

    Indications:

    For inhalation use: inpatient treatment of infants and children of early childhood suffering from severe lower respiratory infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.

    For oral administration: treatment of chronic hepatitis C in adults (in combination with interferon alpha-2b or peginterferon alfa-2b).

    Parenteral: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

    I.A90-A99.A98.5   Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

    I.B15-B19.B18.2   Chronic viral hepatitis C

    X.J10-J18.J12   Viral pneumonia, not elsewhere classified

    Contraindications:

    Chronic heart failure IIB-III stage, myocardial infarction, renal failure (CC less than 50 ml / min), severe anemia, severe hepatic insufficiency, decompensated liver cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases (including autoimmune hepatitis), intractable thyroid disease, severe depression with suicidal tendencies, child and adolescence under 18, pregnancy,lactation period, hypersensitivity to ribavirin.

    Pregnancy and lactation:

    Adequate and controlled studies in humans are not conducted. Persons who are in contact with ribavirin should be careful; during pregnancy, avoid contact. At the beginning of treatment it is necessary to make sure that there is no pregnancy, and during therapy - to use at least 2 methods of contraception (continue it for 6 months after the end of the course of treatment for both women and men). In animal experiments, the drug has a teratogenic effect and death of the fruit. Do not apply! There is no information on the penetration into human milk of a human, but penetrates into the breast milk of animals. Do not apply!

    Recommendations FDA category X

    Dosing and Administration:

    Individual, depending on the indications, age, scheme of application, dosage form.

    Side effects:

    From the side of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system: headache, dizziness, general weakness, malaise, insomnia, asthenia, depression, irritability, anxiety, emotional lability, nervousness, agitation, aggressive behavior, confused consciousness; rarely - suicidal tendencies, increased smooth muscle tone, tremor, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, fainting.

    From the cardiovascular system: decrease or increase in blood pressure, brady or tachycardia, palpitations, cardiac arrest.

    From the hematopoiesis: Hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia; extremely rare - aplastic anemia.

    From the respiratory system: dyspnoea, cough, pharyngitis, dyspnea, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis, rhinitis.

    From the digestive system: dry mouth, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, taste distortion, pancreatitis, flatulence, stomatitis, glossitis, bleeding from the gums, hyperbilirubinemia.

    From the sense organs: defeat of the lacrimal gland, conjunctivitis, visual impairment, hearing impairment / loss, tinnitus.

    From the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, myalgia.

    From the genitourinary system: tides, decreased libido, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, prostatitis.

    Allergic reactions: skin rash, erythema, urticaria, hyperthermia, angioedema, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis; with intravenous injection - chills.

    Local reactions: pain at the injection site.

    Other: hair loss, alopecia, hair structure disorder, dry skin, hypothyroidism, chest pain, thirst, fungal infection, viral infection (including herpes), flu-like syndrome, sweating, lymphadenopathy. Medical workers who perform inhalation administration may have headache, itching, eye hyperemia or puffiness of the eyelids.

    Overdose:

    Not described.

    Interaction:

    Warfarin - a decrease in the effectiveness of warfarin.

    Didanosine - increased risk of developing liver failure, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, symptomatic hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis.

    Zidovudine, stavudine - antagonism: suppression of phosphorylation of stavudine and zidovudine to their active form (triphosphate).

    Special instructions:

    Synthetic analogue of purine nucleosides, in which the nitrogen base and the D-ribose residue are modified.

    Ribavirin for inhalations should not be prescribed with other medicines; do not use in gerontology.

    Instructions
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