Acetylcarnitine (Acetylcarnitinum)

Natural biologically active substance, present in various organs and tissues, incl. in the central nervous system, is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Pharmacological action is due to the metabolic effects of L-carnitine and the acetyl group included in its composition.

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a biologically active form of L-carnitine, a key substance in the process of fat catabolism and energy production in the body. Acetyl-L-carnitine is synthesized in the brain tissue, liver and kidneys from L-carnitine with the participation of the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase. Acetylcarnitine supplies the activated acetate directly to the mitochondrial matrix to form an acetyl CoA involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, acetylcarnitine is a substrate for the initiation of volatile metabolic processes in the mitochondria. Due to high-grade power supply with less oxygen consumption by tissues acetylcarnitine protects brain tissue from ischemia.

Due to structural similarity with acetylcholine, acetylcarnitine has holinomimeticheskoe action. Acetylcarnitine increases the cellular concentration of aspartic and glutamic acids, taurine, with prolonged use increases the density of M-methyl-B-aspartate receptors in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum and prevents the decrease in their density during aging. Strengthens the effects of serotonin, protects brain cells from the neurotoxic effects of ammonia and glutamate. It has antiamnestic activity, improves learning processes, indices of non-associative memory, has a positive effect on mnestic functions in Alzheimer's disease without causing sedative and muscle relaxant action. Stimulates the synthesis of proteins and phospholipids to build membranes, improves regeneration processes. Accelerates the regeneration of nerve cells in traumatic and endocrine damage to peripheral nerves in diabetes. It has a neuroprotective effect on neurons and their organelles (mitochondria), as well as neurotrophic action due to modulation of the activity of the nerve growth factor. It has antioxidant and membrane stabilizing action. Slows down the aging process by increasing the transport of fatty acids in the mitochondria.