Hydroxycarbamide - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

Urea derivative, S-phase-specific agent. Selectively inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, which leads to a disruption of DNA repair. Does not affect the synthesis of ribonucleic acids and proteins. Reduces the content of triphosphates in tumor cells, delays their growth in the state of interphase.

Pharmacokinetics:

After oral administration, an empty stomach is absorbed up to 80% in the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 2 hours.

Therapeutic effect develops 6 weeks after the beginning of the admission. Penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barrier, is found in breast milk. Partially exposed to metabolism in the liver and kidneys.

The elimination half-life is 3-4 hours. Elimination mainly by the kidneys and in a small amount by light in the form of carbon dioxide.

Indications:

It is used for the treatment of osteomyelophybrosis, chronic myelogenous leukemia, erythremia, melanoma, essential thrombocytopenia. Used in cases of impossibility of radical treatment for malignant tumors of the head and neck. It is used in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of cervical cancer.

ICD-10

II.C43-C44.C43.9 Malignant melanoma of skin, unspecified

II.C51-C58.C53 Malignant neoplasm of cervix

II.C51-C58.C58 Malignant neoplasm of placenta

II.C69-C72.C71 Malignant neoplasm of brain

II.C69-C72.C72 Malignant neoplasm of the spinal cord, cranial nerves and other parts of the central nervous system

II.C81-C96.C92.1 Chronic myeloid leukemia

II.C81-C96.C94.0 Acute erythremia and erythroleukemia

II.C76-C80.C76.0 Malignant neoplasm of head, face, neck

II.D37-D48.D47.3 Essential (hemorrhagic) thrombocythemia

II.C81-C96.C94.1 Chronic erythremia

II.D37-D48.D45 Polycythemia true

Contraindications:

Hypoplastic anemia, individual intolerance, children under 18 years.

Carefully:

Viral, bacterial and fungal infections, renal and hepatic insufficiency, hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy and lactation:

Recommendations for FDA - category D. Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.

Dosing and Administration:

Inside, 20-30 mg / kg daily within 3 weeks. The treatment regimen is determined individually, depending on the pathology and tolerability of the drug.

The highest daily dose: 2 g.

The highest single dose: 30 mg / kg.

Side effects:

Central and peripheral nervous system: headache, dizziness, drowsiness; rarely - disorientation, convulsions, hallucinations.

Hemopoietic system: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia.

Respiratory system: pulmonary edema, pulmonary infiltrates.

Digestive system: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, stomatitis, bleeding gums.

Dermatological reactions: alopecia, itching, trophic ulcers, brittle nails.

Urinary system: interstitial nephritis, hyperuricemia, dysuria.

Reproductive system: violation of the menstrual cycle, azoospermia.

Allergic reactions.

Overdose:

Increased side effects.

Treatment is symptomatic. Effective hemodialysis.

Interaction:

Enhances the effects of other alkylating drugs and antimetabolites of pyrimidine and purine structures.

Special instructions:

Monitoring the composition of peripheral blood. With the development of thrombocytopenia (less than 100 · 109 / l) or severe leukopenia (less than 2.5 · 109 / L), the drug is canceled.

Vaccination of patients and members of their families is contraindicated.

In the treatment it is not recommended to drive vehicles and work with moving mechanisms.

Instructions

Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxycarbamidum)