Determining the frequency of side effects: very often (≥ 1/10), often (≥ 1/100, <1/10), infrequently (≥ 1/1000, <1/100), rarely (≥ 1/10 000, <1/1000), very rarely (<1/10 000). Side effect is presented in order of decreasing importance.
Metformin
From the side of metabolism and nutrition: very rarely - lactic acidosis; with prolonged use, it is possible to reduce the absorption of vitamin B12. Reducing the concentration of vitamin B12 must be taken into account in patients with megaloblastic anemia. From the nervous system: often - a violation of taste.
From the gastrointestinal tract: very often - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lack of appetite. Most often these symptoms occur during the initial period of treatment and in most cases spontaneously pass. Slow increase in dose may improve gastrointestinal tolerance.
From the skin and subcutaneous tissues: very rarely skin reactions, such as erythema, pruritus, rash.
From the liver and bile ducts: very rarely - a violation of the liver function, hepatitis, after the withdrawal of metformin, these undesirable phenomena completely disappear.
Sibutramine
Most often, side effects occur at the beginning of treatment (in the first 4 weeks). Their severity and frequency diminish over time. Side effects are generally light and reversible. Side effects, depending on the effect on organs and organ systems, are presented in the following order: very often (≥ 1/10), often (≥ 1/100, < 1/10).
From the central nervous system: very frequent side effects are dry mouth and insomnia, headache, dizziness, anxiety, paresthesia, and taste changes are often noted.
From the cardiovascular system: often there are tachycardia, palpitations, increased blood pressure, vasodilation.
On the part of the digestive system: loss of appetite and constipation are frequent, often nausea and exacerbation of hemorrhoids. With a tendency to constipation in the first days, control over the evacuation function of the intestine is necessary. If there is constipation, stop taking and take a laxative.
From the skin: often there is increased sweating.
In single cases, the following undesirable clinically significant events are described in the treatment of sibutramine: dysmenorrhea, edema, flu-like syndrome, skin itching, back pain, abdominal pain, paradoxical appetite increase, thirst, rhinitis, depression, drowsiness, emotional lability, anxiety, irritability, nervousness, acute interstitial nephritis, bleeding, purpura Shenlen-Henoch (hemorrhages in the skin), convulsions, thrombocytopenia, transient increase in the activity of "hepatic" enzymes in the blood.
Disorders from the cardiovascular system. There is a moderate rise in blood pressure at rest by 1-3 mm Hg. and a moderate increase in heart rate at 3-7 beats per minute. In some cases, a more pronounced increase in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate are not excluded. Clinically significant changes in blood pressure and pulse are registered mainly at the beginning of treatment (in the first 4-8 weeks).
Use of Reduxin® Meth in patients with high blood pressure: see the section "Contraindications" and "Special instructions".
During post-marketing studies of sibutramine, additional side reactions, listed below for organ systems, were described.
From the cardiovascular system: atrial fibrillation.
From the immune system: hypersensitivity reactions (from moderate rashes on the skin and urticaria to angioedema (Quincke's edema) and anaphylaxis).
Disorders of the psyche: psychosis, the state of suicidal thinking, suicide and mania. If such conditions occur, the drug should be discarded.
From the nervous system: cramps, short-term memory impairment.
From the side of the organ of vision: blurring of vision ("veil before the eyes").
From the gastrointestinal tract: diarrhea, vomiting.
From the skin and subcutaneous tissue: alopecia.
From the side of the kidneys and urinary tract: retention of urine.
From the genitals and the breast: impaired ejaculation / orgasm, impotence, menstrual irregularity, uterine bleeding.