Amlodipine
Inhibitor inhibitors CYP3A4
With simultaneous application diltiazem in a dose of 180 mg and amlodipine at a dose of 5 mg in patients with hypertension of advanced age (from 69 to 87 years), an increase in the systemic exposure of amlodipine by 57%.
The simultaneous use of amlodipine and erythromycin in healthy volunteers (18 to 43 years) does not lead to significant changes in exposure to amlodipine (an increase AUC on 22%). Despite the fact that the clinical significance of these effects is not completely clear, they can be more pronounced in elderly patients.
Powerful inhibitors of isoenzyme CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole) can lead to an increase in the concentration of amlodipine in the blood plasma to a greater extent than diltiazem. It should be used with caution amlodipine and isoenzyme inhibitors CYP3A4.
Clarithromycin: isoenzyme inhibitor CYP3A4. Patients taking concomitantly clarithromycin and amlodipine, increased risk of lowering blood pressure. Patients who take this combination are recommended to be under close medical supervision.
Inductors of isoenzyme CYP3A4
Data on the effect of inducers of the isoenzyme CYP3A4 on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine are not available. Simultaneous application of inducers of the isoenzyme CYP3A4 (for example, rifampicin, St. John's Wort) can reduce the concentration of amlodipine in the blood plasma. Care must be taken when using amlodipine with CYP3A4 isoenzyme inductors at the same time.
Tacrolimus: with simultaneous use with amlodipine there is a risk of increasing tacrolimus concentration in the blood plasma. In order to avoid the toxicity of tacrolimus when used simultaneously with amlodipine, tacrolimus concentration in the blood plasma of the patients should be monitored and the dose of tacrolimus adjusted if necessary.
The simultaneous use of amlodipine for the therapy of hypertension from thiazide diuretics, alpha, beta-adrenoblockers, nitrates or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, is considered safe. In patients with stable angina pectoris amlodipine can be used simultaneously with other antianginal agents, for example, with nitrates of prolonged or short-acting, beta-blockers.
In contrast to other BCCC, clinically significant interaction of amlodipine was not detected with simultaneous application from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including with indomethacin.
It is possible to increase the anti-anginal and antihypertensive effect of BCC with simultaneous application from thiazide and "loop" diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers and nitrates, as well as increased antihypertensive action when used simultaneously with alpha1-adrenoblockers, neuroleptics.
Although no negative inotropic effects were usually observed in the study of amlodipine, nevertheless some BCCCs can increase the negative inotropic effect of antiarrhythmic agents that cause prolongation of the QT interval (for example, amiodarone and quinidine).
The simultaneous use of amlodipine from antibiotics and hypoglycemic agents for oral intake is considered safe.
A single dose of 100 mg sildenafil in patients with essential hypertension does not affect the pharmacokinetics parameters of amlodipine.
Repeated use of amlodipine in a dose of 10 mg and atorvastatin in a dose of 80 mg is not accompanied by significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin.
Simvastatin
Simultaneous repeated use of amlodipine in a dose of 10 mg and simvastatin at a dose of 80 mg leads to an increase in the exposure of simvastatin by 77%. In such patients, the dose of simvastatin should be limited to 20 mg / day.
Ethanol (drinks, containing alcohol)
Amlodipine with a single and repeated application in a dose of 10 mg does not affect the pharmacokinetics of ethanol.
Antiviral drugs (ritonavir) increase plasma concentrations of BCCC, including amlodipine.
Neuroleptics and isoflurane increase the antihypertensive effect of dihydropyridine derivatives.
Preparations of calciumI can reduce the effect of BCCI.
Lithium
With the simultaneous use of BCCC with lithium preparations (there is no data for amlodipine), amplificationmanifestations of neurotoxicity (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, tremor, tinnitus).
Cyclosporin
Studies of simultaneous use of amlodipine and cyclosporine were carried out only on a group of patients after kidney transplantation. The use of this combination can either not influence, or increase the minimum concentration of cyclosporine in varying degrees up to 40%. It is necessary to monitor the concentration of cyclosporine in the blood plasma in this group of patients with the simultaneous use of amlodipine and cyclosporine.
Digoxin
With simultaneous application amlodipine has no effect on serum concentration and renal clearance of digoxin.
Warfarin
Amlodipine does not significantly affect the effects of warfarin.
Cimetidine does not affect the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine.
In studies in vitro Amlodipine does not affect the binding to plasma proteins digoxin, phenytoin, warfarin and indomethacin.
Grapefruit juice
Simultaneous single intake of 240 mg of grapefruit juice and 10 mg of amlodipine by mouth is not accompanied by a significant change in the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine. Nevertheless, it is not recommended to use grapefruit juice and amlodipine At the same time, as in the genetic polymorphism of the isoenzyme CYP3A4, it is possible to increase the bioavailability of amlodipine and, as a result, enhance the antihypertensive effect.
Aluminum, magnesium-containing antacids at a single admission do not have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine.
Rosuvastatin
Effect of other drugs on rosuvastatin
Inhibitors of transport proteins
Rosuvastatin is a substrate for some transport proteins, in particular, OATP1B1 and BCRP. Simultaneous use of drugs that are inhibitors of these transport proteins may be accompanied by an increase in the concentration of rosuvastatin in the blood plasma and an increased risk of myopathy (see Table 1, sections "Dosing and Administration", "Special instructions").
Cyclosporin
With simultaneous application of rosuvastatin and cyclosporine AUC rosuvastatin is an average of 7 times higher than that seen in healthy volunteers (see Table 1). Simultaneous use with rosuvastatin does not affect the concentration of cyclosporine in the blood plasma. The use of rosuvastatin is contraindicated in patients taking ciclosporin (cm.section "Contraindications").
HIV protease inhibitors
Simultaneous use of HIV protease inhibitors can significantly increase the exposure of rosuvastatin (see Table 1). Simultaneous application of 20 mg rosuvastatin and a combination of two HIV protease inhibitors (400 mg lopinavir / 100 mg ritonavir) is accompanied by an increase in equilibrium AUC0-24h) and CmOh rosuvastatin 2 and 5 times, respectively. Therefore, simultaneous administration of rosuvastatin and HIV protease inhibitors is not recommended (see Table 1, section "Method of administration and dose").
Gemfibrozil and other lipid-lowering agents
The simultaneous use of rosuvastatin and gemfibrozil leads to an increase in CmOh and AUC rosuvastatin in blood plasma in 2 times (see the section "Special instructions.") Based on the data on the specific interaction, pharmacokinetically significant interaction with fenofibrate is not expected, possibly pharmacodynamic interaction.Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, other fibrates and lipid-lowering doses of nicotinic acid (doses more than 1 g / day) increased the risk of myopathy with simultaneous use with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, possibly due to the fact that they can cause myopathy when used in monotherapy (see section "Special instructions").In such patients, therapy should begin at a dose of 5 mg / day (see the sections "Contraindications", "Method of administration and dose", "Special instructions"). Simultaneous application of fibrates and rosuvastatin in a daily dose of 40 mg is contraindicated.
Ezetimibe
The simultaneous use of rosuvastatin 10 mg and ezetimibe at a dose of 10 mg was accompanied by an increase AUC rosuvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (see Table 1). It is impossible to exclude the pharmacodynamic interaction between rosuvastatin and ezetimibe, which is manifested by an increased risk of developing unwanted reactions.
Limacids
The simultaneous use of rosuvastatin and antacids containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxide leads to a decrease in the plasma concentration of rosuvastatin by approximately 50%. This effect is less pronounced if antacids are administered 2 hours after rosuvastatin administration. The clinical significance of this interaction has not been studied.
Erythromycin
The simultaneous use of rosuvastatin and erythromycin leads to a decrease AUFROM0-24 h) rosuvastatin by 20% and its CmOh by 30%. Such interaction can arise as a result of increased intestinal motility caused by the use of erythromycin.
Isozymes of the cytochrome P450 system
Research results in vivo and in vitro showed that rosuvastatin is neither an inhibitor nor an inducer of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. Besides, rosuvastatin is a weak substrate for this isoenzyme system. Therefore, interaction of rosuvastatin with other drugs (LS) at the metabolic level with the participation of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes is not expected.
Clinically significant interactions between rosuvastatin and fluconazole (inhibitor of isoenzymes CYP2C9 and CYP3A4) and ketoconazole (inhibitor of isoenzymes CYP2A6 and CYP3A4) was not observed.
Fusidic acid
Studies on the interaction of rosuvastatin and fusidic acid have not been conducted. As with the reception of other statins, post-marketing reports were received on cases of rhabdomyolysis in the joint administration of rosuvastatin and fusidic acid. Patients should be closely monitored. If necessary, a temporary discontinuation of rosuvastatin is possible.
Interaction with drugs, which requires dose adjustment for rosuvastatin (see table 1)
The dose of rosuvastatin should be adjusted if it is necessary to simultaneously use it with drugs that increase the exposure of rosuvastatin. If the exposure is expected to be 2 times or more, the initial dose of rosuvastatin should be 5 mg once a day. Also, the maximum daily dose of rosuvastatin should be adjusted so that the expected exposure of rosuvastatin does not exceed that for a dose of 40 mg taken without simultaneous administration of drugs interacting with rosuvastatin. For example, the maximum daily dose of rosuvastatin with simultaneous use with gemfibrozil is 20 mg (1.9 times increase in exposure), with ritonavir / atazanavir 10 mg (increase in exposure 3.1 times).
Table 1. The effect of concomitant therapy on the exposure of rosuvastatin (AUC, data are listed in descending order) - the results of published clinical studies)
Complementary therapy regimen | Mode of taking rosuvastatin | Change AUC rosuvastatin |
Cyclosporine 75-200 mg 2 times a day, 6 months | 10 mg once a day, 10 days | An increase of 7.1 times |
Atazanavir 300 mg / ritonavir 100 mg once a day, 8 days | 10 mg once | Increase 3.1-fold |
Lopinavir 400 mg / ritonavir 100 mg twice daily, 17 days | 20 mg once a day, 7 days | An increase of 2.1 times |
Gemfibrozil 600 mg 2 times a day, 7 days | 80 mg once | Increase 1.9 times |
Eltrombopag 75 mg once a day, 10 days | 10 mg once | Increase 1.6 times |
Darunavir 600 mg / ritonavir 100 mg twice daily, 7 days | 10 mg once a day, 7 days | Increase by 1.5 times |
Tipranavir 500 mg / ritonavir 200 mg twice daily, 11 days | 10 mg once | Increase by 1.4 times |
Dronedarone 400 mg twice daily | No data | Increase by 1.4 times |
Itraconazole 200 mg once a day, 5 days | 10 mg or 80 mg once | Increase by 1.4 times |
Ezetimibe 10 mg once a day, 14 days | 10 mg once a day, 14 days | Increase by 1.2 times |
Fosaprenavir 700 mg / ritonavir 100 mg 2 times a day, 8 days | 10 mg once | Without changes |
Aleglitazar 0.3 mg, 7 days | 40 mg, 7 days | Without changes |
Silymarin 140 mg 3 times a day, 5 days | 10 mg once | Without changes |
Fenofibrate 67 mg 3 times a day, 7 days | 10 mg, 7 days | Without changes |
Rifampicin 450 mg once a day, 7 days | 20 mg once | Without changes |
Ketoconazole 200 mg 2 times a day, 7 days | 80 mg once | Without changes |
Fluconazole 200 mg once a day, 11 days | 80 mg once | Without changes |
Erythromycin 500 mg 4 times a day, 7 days | 80 mg once | Decrease by 28% |
Baikalin 50 mg 3 times a day, 14 days | 20 mg once | Decrease by 47% |
Effect of rosuvastatin on other drugs
Antagonists of vitamin K
As with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, initiation of rosuvastatin therapy or an increase in its dose in patients taking concomitant vitamin K antagonists (for example, warfarin), can lead to an increase in the International Normalized Ratio (INR). The cancellation of rosuvastatin or a decrease in its dose may result in a decrease in INR. In such cases monitoring of INR is recommended.
Contraceptives for oral administration / hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
The simultaneous use of rosuvastatin and oral contraceptives increases AUC ethinylestradiol and norgestrel by 26% and 34%, respectively. Such an increase in plasma concentration should be taken into account when selecting a dose of hormonal contraceptives.
Pharmacokinetic data on the simultaneous use of rosuvastatin and HRT are absent, therefore, it is impossible to exclude a similar effect when using this combination. However, this combination was widely used during clinical trials and was well tolerated by patients.
Other medicines
Clinically significant interaction between rosuvastatin and digoxin is not expected.