Before and during drug treatment Telmisartan it is necessary to control blood pressure, kidney function, potassium content in the blood serum. Transient arterial hypotension is not a contraindication for further treatment with the drug Telmisartan after stabilization of blood pressure. In the case of repeated occurrence of severe arterial hypotension, the dose should be reduced or the drug should be withdrawn.In the presence of renal failure, treatment is carried out with caution under the control of serum creatinine concentration.
Liver failure
Telmisartan should not be used in patients with cholestasis, bile duct obstruction, or severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C) (see "Contraindications"), since telmisartan, mainly, is excreted with bile. It is assumed that these patients lowered the hepatic clearance telmisartan. Telmisartan should be used with extreme caution in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A and B).
Renovascular hypertension
In the treatment of drugs acting on RAAS, patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis and stenosis of the artery of a single kidney increase the risk of severe arterial hypotension and renal failure.
Renal failure and kidney transplantation
When using the drug Telmisartan in patients with impaired renal function, periodic monitoring of the potassium content and serum creatinine concentration is recommended.Clinical experience of the drug Telmisartan In patients who have recently undergone kidney transplantation, there is no.
Reduction of the volume of circulating blood (BCC)
In patients with reduced BCC and / or sodium content due to previous diuretic therapy, restriction of salt intake, diarrhea, or vomiting, symptomatic arterial hypotension may occur, especially after the first intake of the drug Telmisartan. The deficiency of fluid and / or sodium should be eliminated before the drug is taken Telmisartan.
Double blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
As the effects of inhibition of RAAS were observed: the occurrence of arterial hypotension, syncope, hyperkalemia and impaired renal function (including acute renal failure) in predisposing patients, especially when used in combination with drugs also acting on this system. Double blocking of RAAS, for example, with the addition of an ACE inhibitor to APA II, is not recommended for patients with already controlled blood pressure and should be limited to individual cases with enhanced monitoring of renal function (including periodic monitoring of potassium and plasma creatinine concentrations).
Other diseases characterized by activation of RAAS
Patients with renal vascular tone and function of which depend primarily on the activity of the RAAS (e.g., patients with chronic heart failure or renal disease, including renal artery stenosis), the use of drugs acting on the system, such as telmisartan, was associated with the emergence of acute arterial hypotension, hyperaemia, oliguria, or rarely - with acute renal failure (see section "Side effect").
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, as a rule, do not respond to treatment hypotensive drugs, the effect of which is manifested by inhibition of RAAS. In connection with this, the use of the drug Telmisartan in these cases is not recommended.
Stenosis of the aortic and mitral valve, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (GOKMP)
As with other vasodilators, for patients with aortic and mitral stenosis or GOKMP observance of special precautions is shown.
Hyperkalemia
The use of drugs acting on RAAS can cause hyperkalemia.
For elderly patients, patients with renal insufficiency, patients with diabetes mellitus and also with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD), patients receiving concomitant medication therapy that can cause an increase in potassium content and / or patients with concomitant disease, Hyperkalemia can be fatal. Before considering the possibility of concomitant use of drugs acting on RAAS, it is necessary to evaluate the benefit-risk relationship.
The main risk factors that should be considered are:
- Diabetes mellitus, renal failure, age (patients older than 70 years).
- Combination with one or more drugs acting on RAAS and / or an increase in serum potassium. Drugs or therapeutic classes of drugs that can cause hyperkalemia include salt substitutes containing potassium, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARA II, NSAIDs, including selective inhibitors of COX-2, heparin, immunosuppressants (ciclosporin or tacrolimus) and trimethoprim.
- Intercurrent diseases, especially dehydration, acute heart failure, metabolic acidosis, impaired renal function, severe deterioration of the kidneys (eg, infectious diseases), cytolysis syndrome (eg, acute limb ischemia, rhabdomyolysis, severe trauma).
For patients at risk, regular monitoring of serum potassium content is recommended (see section "Interaction with other drugs").
In patients with diabetes mellitus and an additional cardiovascular risk, for example, in patients with diabetes mellitus and IHD in the case of antihypertensive drugs such as ARA II or ACE inhibitors, the risk of fatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiovascular death may increase.
In patients with diabetes mellitus, IHD can be asymptomatic, and therefore may not be diagnosed. In patients with diabetes before the use of the drug Telmisartan To identify and treat coronary artery disease, appropriate diagnostic tests should be carried out, including a physical load.
As an alternative, the drug Telmisartan can be used in combination with thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, which additionally have an antihypertensive effect.
Racial differences
As noted for ACE inhibitors, telmisartan and other ARA II seem to be less effective in lowering blood pressure in patients of the Negroid race than in representatives of other races, possibly due to a greater predisposition to reduced renin activity in the Negroid race, patients with diabetes mellitus and also with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease .
Other
As with the use of other antihypertensive drugs, excessive reduction in blood pressure in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy or coronary heart disease can lead to the development of myocardial infarction or stroke.