Symptoms of a vitamin overdose D3
Acute and chronic overdose of vitamin D3 can lead to hypercalcemia, which can be of a persistent nature and potentially life-threatening. Symptoms are general and may include cardiac arrhythmias, thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation, polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration, hypercalciuria with the formation of kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, muscle weakness, adynamia and confusion. Moreover, a chronic overdose can lead to the deposition of calcium in the vessels and tissues.
Daily doses up to 500 IU / day
Prolonged overdose of vitamin D3 can lead to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Substantial overuse for a long period of time can lead to calcification of the parenchymal organs.
Daily doses, exceeding 500 IU / day
Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and colcalciferol (vitamin D3) have a relatively low therapeutic index. Intoxication threshold for vitamin D3 varies between 40,000 and 100,000 ME per day for 1-2 months in adults with normal parathyroid function. In newborns and small children, sensitivity to significantly lower concentrations may be noted. Therefore, patients should be warned that the vitamin D3 Do not take without medical supervision.
Overdosing increases the phosphorus levels in serum and urine as well as hypercalcemic syndrome and subsequent deposition of calcium in tissues, especially kidney (urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis) and vessels.
The symptoms of intoxication are general in nature and are manifested in the form of nausea, vomiting, also initially in the form of diarrhea, and later - in the form of constipation, loss of appetite, weakness, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, muscle weakness, persistent drowsiness, azotemia, polydipsia and polyuria and, at the final stage, in the form of dehydration of the body. Typical biochemical data include hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria.as well as an increase in the serum concentration of 25-hydroxycolecalciferol.
Treatment of overdose
Daily doses up to 500 IU / day
If there are symptoms of chronic overdose with vitamin D3 it may be necessary to use forced diuresis, as well as the appointment of glucocorticoids and calcitonin.
Daily doses, exceeding 500 IU / day
When an overdose is required, measures must be taken to correct hypercalcemia, which is often of a persistent nature and, under certain circumstances, may endanger life.
First of all, you need to stop taking a vitamin D3. To eliminate hypercalcemia caused by vitamin intoxication D3, it takes several weeks.
Depending on the degree of hypercalcemia, as a measure of treatment, a diet with a low calcium content or completely without calcium is prescribed, consumption of large amounts of fluid, forced diuresis with furosemide, as well as glucocorticoids and calcitonin.
With proper functioning of the kidneys, the calcium level can be significantly reduced by infusing an isotonic sodium chloride solution (3-6 liters within 24 hours) with the addition of furosemide and,in some cases, sodium edetate at a dose of 15 mg / kg / h, while simultaneously monitoring the level of calcium and ECG data. In oligoanuria, on the contrary, it is necessary to conduct hemodialysis (dialysate without calcium). There is a specific antidote.
It is recommended that patients be alerted to the symptoms of a possible overdose with prolonged consumption of high doses of vitamin A D3 (nausea, vomiting, also initially diarrhea, later - constipation, anorexia, weakness, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, muscle weakness, drowsiness, azotemia, polydipsia and polyuria).