First aid for hypertensive crises.
■ It is urgent to call an ambulance team.
■ It is necessary to provide the patient a complete rest (to lay on a bed with a raised head end, to unbutton the breath-making clothes, to ensure the influx of fresh air).
■ If the hypertensive crisis has developed as a result of a sharp discontinuation of taking antihypertensive drugs, you should immediately resume taking these medications. Give the patient the recommended dose of an antihypertensive drug for one dose. Upon arrival, the ambulance team must inform about this.
■ With very high blood pressure, it is necessary to give the patient one of the short-acting antihypertensive drugs, which was usually effective and coordinated with the attending physician (for example, 1 tablet 25-30 mg captopril under the tongue - the beginning of the action after 15 minutes, the duration of the effect is more than 2 hours). It must be remembered that a sharp decrease in blood pressure can lead to the development of a severe stroke.
■ In addition, you can take 50-60 drops of Valocordinum **, Corvalolum *, valerian tincture * or Leonurus *.
■ Give the patient 10 tablets (1 g) glycine under the tongue for resorption; Do not chew or drink with water.
■ When developing convulsive syndrome - to prevent injury (put the patient on the floor in order to avoid falling, keep limbs), call an ambulance.
VASCULAR PSYCHOSIS
Psychosis is a mental disorder that occurs suddenly and manifests inadequate behavior with the appearance of delusions, hallucinations and some other manifestations.
Vascular psychosis develops due to the defeat of various parts of the brain due to certain vascular disorders.
The main task is to provide security for the patient and those around him.
Postnisultural epilepsy
First aid for epileptic seizures, epileptic status
Call an ambulance team.
At the time of the first, tonic phase, if possible, protect the patient from getting injured while falling, putting something soft under his head.
Do not try to open the jaws of the patient to prevent bite of the tongue - during the tonic phase it is almost impossible. The bite of a tongue usually occurs in the first seconds of an attack, so this manipulation is meaningless and will only lead to trauma to the oral cavity and teeth.
Unbutton the breath-making clothes.
Examine the oral cavity, in case of tongue twisting, take measures, remove solid foreign bodies (dentures, fragments of teeth) and vomit.To do this, you can use a syringe or a piece of soft material.
After the end of the attack, turn the patient's head to the side, give it an elevated position.
When the patient regains consciousness, give him anticonvulsant drugs that were prescribed earlier at the recommended dose. If the attack happened for the first time - it is necessary to hospitalize the patient in the hospital for the examination and selection of adequate anticonvulsant treatment.
Post-natal depression
Depression can occur at various times after a stroke: early depression develops in the first 3 months, late - after 2 years and later. Post-stroke depression worsens the patient's condition and makes it difficult to carry out rehabilitation activities.
Important methods of correction of post-stroke depression.
■ Early start of rehabilitation activities (kinesitherapy, physiotherapy, speech therapy).
■ Application antidepressants in agreement with the attending physician.
■ Carrying out rational psychotherapy.
CHRONIC ISCHEMIC BRAIN DISEASE
Chronic ischemic disease of the brain (dyscirculatory encephalopathy) is a progressive form of brain damagedue to chronic insufficiency of its blood supply in persons with cerebral vascular lesions.
■ The most important is compliance with the regimen of medications, correcting and stabilizing blood pressure.
■ Treatment of diabetes, careful diet, the use of appropriate medications.
■ Prevention of infectious complications, especially congestive pneumonia in bedridden patients.
■ Tolerance, respect for the patient with these or other emotional and personal changes, delicate and correct help in everyday life, creating an atmosphere of emotional comfort in order to avoid the formation of a depressed mood background and "psychology of the disabled person".
SYNDROME OF POSTINSULTAL PARKINSONISM
Post-stroke (vascular) parkinsonism is a condition that develops with a widespread ischemic lesion of white matter in the brain in the deeper parts of the hemispheres, or with bilateral defeat of the subcortical nuclei, and, more rarely, of the frontal lobes.
■ It is necessary to comply with the recommendations of a group of specialists who conduct clinical follow-up of a patient (a neurologist, a methodologist of curative physical education, a psychotherapist).
■ It is necessary to practice daily physical therapy, which is selected individually, depending on the severity of the disease and the severity of the motor disorders in the patient.
■ Difficulties of the beginning of movement or solidification can be overcome by means of external stimuli, for example, to ask to go the patient on the drawn line or to supervise actions by means of rhythmic commands.
VASCULAR DEMONSTRATION
Vascular dementia is the result of diseases affecting small cerebral arteries (cerebral microangiopathy) with the development of a diffuse lesion of white matter and multiple small focal (lacunar) infarctions or pathologies affecting large arteries with the development of multiple extensive cerebral infarctions.
■ It is necessary to try to prevent the development of infectious diseases or worsening of the course of somatic disease.
■ It is necessary to create for the patient a comfortable and simple surrounding environment - the usual favorite objects, their location. In a familiar setting, the patient feels most comfortable, and the appearance of unfamiliar people or relocation dramatically worsen his condition.
■ It is necessary to carefully observe the regimen of prescribed medications, remember that their irregular reception or overdose can dramatically worsen the patient's condition.