| Disease / condition | Differential signs / symptoms | Differential tests |
| Adenomyosis of the uterus | · Differential signs or symptoms are absent. | · Differentiated by uterine biopsy and subsequent histological examination. · Visualization with ultrasound and MRI also contributes to the diagnosis. |
| Endometrial polyp | · Clinical symptoms for differential diagnosis may be absent. | · Sonogysterography usually shows a well contoured isoechoic polypoid growth with a foot in the thickness of the endometrium. · On T2-weighted MRI images, signal intensity can be weakened in comparison with the endometrium. |
| Endometrial hyperplasia | · Differential signs or symptoms are absent. | · Differentiate endometrial biopsy, as well as dilatation and curettage. |
| Endometrial carcinoma | · In connection with the high prevalence of uterine fibroids among women, in a significant proportion of patients, endometrial carcinoma may be manifested by abnormal vaginal bleeding or secretions on the background of fibroids. | · Endometrial biopsy: pathological results can reveal conditions preceding carcinoma (simple / complex hyperplasia or simple atypical / complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia) or marked endometrial carcinoma. · Dilation and curettage: prolonged irregular vaginal bleeding, despite the negative results of the biopsy, require clarification of the diagnosis with dilatation and curettage. |
| Sarcoma of the uterus (leiomyosarcoma, mesodermal mixed tumor) | · For uterine sarcoma can be characterized by rapid growth of the tumor | · There are no reliable tests for the diagnosis of uterine sarcoma. · On a series of MRI images, rapid growth of the uterus can be noted, as well as other signs of sarcoma - an uneven contour and sprouting into neighboring organs. |
| Pregnancy | · Symptoms of pregnancy (for example, morning sickness), stopping menstruation and starting to increase the stomach after a few weeks. · During the examination, the uterus, enlarged due to pregnancy, is usually soft, spherical, with a standing height corresponding to the expected gestational age, calculated from the last menstrual period. | · When ultrasound of the pelvic organs determine a fetal egg. · A study on beta-hCG in blood or urine produces a positive result. The pregnancy test usually becomes positive in about 26-30 days from the first day of the last menstrual cycle. The test for beta-hCG in serum is considered positive at concentrations above 5 mIU / ml. |
| Cancer of the ovary | · Ovarian cancer is characterized by rapid growth of the tumor and the age of women, atypical for fibroids (for example, in postmenopausal women who do not receive hormone replacement therapy), rapid weight loss, ascites. | · Diagnostic procedures for the first line - ultrasound of the pelvic organs and MRI. T2-weighted MRI can demonstrate a characteristic low-intensity signal for myoma, as well as germination in neighboring tissues, and helps to more accurately determine the source of proliferation (uterus or appendages). · Surgical operation or histopathological examination enables a differential diagnosis. |
| Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary system, lymphomas, bone tumors | · Differentiation of these serious diseases is facilitated by rapid growth of the tumor and atypical age for myoma (for example, in postmenopausal women who do not receive hormone replacement therapy), sprouting in surrounding tissues, rapid loss of body weight or ascites. | · Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and MRI - diagnostic procedures for the first line. · Surgical operation or histopathological examination enables a differential diagnosis. |