Amitriptyline intensifies the depressing effect on the CPC of the following drugs: neuroleptics, sedatives and hypnotics, anticonvulsant drugs, analgesics, funds for anesthesia, alcohol; shows synergism when interacting with other antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants, including amitriptyline, are metabolized by the isoenzyme CYP2D6 of hepatic cytochrome P450. The human CYP2D6 isozyme has several isoforms. CYP2D6 isozymes can inhibit a variety of psychotropic drugs, for example, neuroleptics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) except for citalopram (a very weak inhibitor of the isoenzyme CYP2D6),[3-adrenoblockers and antiarrhythmics of the last generation. These drugs can inhibit the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants and significantly increase their concentration in blood plasma. In addition, the isoenzymes CYP2C19 and CYP3A are involved in the metabolism of amitriptyline.
MAO inhibitors
Simultaneous reception of amitriptyline with MAO inhibitors can cause the development of serotonin syndrome (agitation, confusion, anxiety, tremor, myoclonus, hyperthermia, coma are possible) and lead to death.
A break in treatment between taking MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants should be at least 14 days!
Amitriptyline can be prescribed 14 days after cessation of treatment by irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitors and at least 1 day after the abolition of reversible MAO inhibitor therapy with moclobemide. The use of MAO inhibitors can begin 2 weeks after the withdrawal of amitriptyline. In any case, and the MAO inhibitor, and amitriptyline should be started with small doses, gradually increasing them depending on the effect.
Sympathomimetics
Amitriptyline can potentiate the effects of epinephrine, ephedrine, isoprenaline, norepinephrine, phenylephrine and phenylpropanolamine on the cardiovascular system.
Anticholinergic drugs
Tricyclic antidepressants can enhance the effects of anticholinergic drugs on the organs of vision, the central nervous system, the intestines and the bladder; simultaneous use of these drugs should be avoided due to an increased risk of developing paralytic intestinal obstruction.
Drugs that reduce sympathetic activity
Tricyclic antidepressants can reduce the antihypertensive effects of guanethidine, betanidine, reserpine, clonidine and methyldopa. Against the background of therapy with tricyclic antidepressants, it is recommended to correct antihypertensive therapy.
Indirect anticoagulants
With the simultaneous use of amitriptyline and indirect anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives or indadion), an increase in anticoagulant activity of the latter is possible.
Inhibitors of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Co-administration with disulfiram and other acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors may increase the risk of developing psychotic conditions and confusion.
Glucocorticoid means
Amitriptyline may increase depression caused by glucocorticoid agents.
Antithyroid drugs
Simultaneous reception with drugs for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis increases the risk of agranulocytosis.
Drugs that extend the interval QT
Drugs that extend the QT interval, including antiarrhythmics such as quinidine, H1-histamine receptor blockers, such as astsmizol and terfsiadin, some neuroleptics (in particular, pimozide and sertindole), cisapride, halofantrine and sotalol can increase the likelihood of developing ventricular rhythm disturbances with concomitant administration with tricyclic antidepressants.
Drugs that depress the central nervous system
When used simultaneously with blockers III -gistaminovyh receptors, clopidin, alcohol and Barbiturates may increase the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. Amitriptyline can enhance the effects of other drugs that depress the central nervous system.
St. John's wort perforated
Simultaneous use of amitriptyline and preparations containing St. John's wort can lead to an increase in the metabolism of amitriptyline and a decrease in the maximum serum concentration of amitriptyline by 20%, due to the induction of its metabolism with the isoenzyme CYP3A4 of the liver.Theoretically, an increased risk of developing a serotonin syndrome is possible.
Lithium
With simultaneous use of lithium and tricyclic antidepressants, the risk of psychotic symptoms and toxic complications on the part of CNS may increase, even against the background of therapeutic concentrations of lithium in blood plasma. Described cases of mania, myoclonus, tremor, tonic-clonic seizures, memory disorders, confusion, disorganized thinking, hallucinations, serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, begins a few days after the start of the combination therapy; in most cases, treatment was required either with tricyclic antidepressants or with lithium. Elderly patients are particularly prone to the occurrence of such reactions. Tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics mutually inhibit each other's metabolism, which can lead to a reduction in the threshold of convulsive readiness and the development of seizures. You may need to adjust the dosage of these drugs.
Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine increase the concentration of tricyclic antidepressants in blood plasma.
Cimetidia and methylphenidate, as well as blockers of "slow" calcium channels, can slow the metabolism of amitriptyline, increase its plasma concentrations and, consequently, increase toxic effects.
Barbiturates and other inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, for example, rifampicin and carbamazepine, can enhance the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants, reduce their plasma concentrations and reduce the anti-depressant effect.
Amitriptyline increases the effect of antiparkinsonian drugs and other drugs that cause extrapyramidal reactions.
Quinine slows the metabolism of amitriptyline.
Antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole and terbinafine, increase the plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants and enhance the associated toxic effects.
Estrogens and their oral contraceptives can increase the bioavailability of amitriptyline. You may need to adjust the dosage of drugs or cancel one of them. Alcohol increases plasma concentrations of free amitriptyline and nortriptyline.
Pimozide and probucol may increase cardiac arrhythmias.
Phenytoin
Tricyclic antidepressants can increase the serum concentration of phenytoin and. accordingly, increase the risk of its toxic effects (ataxia, hyperreflexia, nystagmus, tremor).
Sibutramine
Destination with sibutramine (inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin) should be avoided, this combination increases the risk of central nervous system intoxication and the potentially fatal state of the serotonin syndrome. Epidemiological studies, conducted mainly in patients older than 50 years and above, show an increased risk of bone fractures in patients simultaneously receiving tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Antiviral drugs
The combination of amitriptyline with antiviral drugs can increase plasma concentrations of amitriptyline with the development of toxic effects, which makes it necessary to carefully monitor the therapeutic and side effects when they are simultaneously prescribed.
Nitrates
Decreased saliva secretion and dry mouth (blocking the action of acetylcholine) with amitriptyline may reduce the effect of the sublingual form of nitrates.
Muscle relaxants of central action
Concomitant use with amitriptyline increases their effect.