Ether for narcosis stabilized (Aether anaesthesia to stabilized)

Composition Pharmacodynamics Indications Carefully Contraindications Dosing and Administration Side effects Form release / dosage
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Active substanceDiethyl etherDiethyl ether
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  • Ether for narcosis stabilized
    solution d / inhal. 
    MEDHIMPROM ПХФК, ОАО     Russia
  • Ether for narcosis stabilized
    solution d / inhal. 
       
    • Dosage form: & nbspLiquid for inhalation.
    Composition:
    Active substances:
    Ether of medical-100%
    Excipients:
    P-phenylenediamine-0.0001%

    Description:Colorless, transparent, very mobile, flammable volatile liquid, a peculiar smell.
    Pharmacotherapeutic group:Means for inhalation of general anesthesia
    ATX: & nbsp

    N.01.A.A.01   Diethyl ether

    Pharmacodynamics:Means for inhalation anesthesia, has analgesic and miorelaksiruyuschee effect. Anesthesia when using ether is relatively safe, easy to control. Skeletal muscles relax well. It has a direct negative inotropic effect (decrease in myocardial contractility is compensated by an increase in the content of catecholamines in the blood). Causes a temporary (up to 24 h) decrease in liver and kidney function, reduces peristalsis of the intestine (stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system). Reduces BCC and plasma (by about 10%). Unlike ftorotana, trichlorethylene and cyclopropane, the ether does not increase the sensitivity of the myocardium to epinephrine and norepinephrine.Awakening occurs 20-40 minutes after the termination of the ether, and completely anesthetic depression occurs after several hours.
    Pharmacokinetics:Distributed in the body is uneven: much more ether is found in the brain tissue than in the blood and other tissues. The concentration in the blood is 10-25 mg% (stage of analgesia), 25-70 mg% (stage of excitation) and 80-110 mg% (stage of surgical anesthesia). Penetrates through the placental barrier and creates high concentrations in the fetus. It accumulates in the membranes of hepatocytes. Insignificantly (10-15%) is biotransformed. After the release of the ether in the body for the first few minutes is very quickly eliminated from the body, then the release gradually slows down. 85-90% of the ether is released unchanged in the form of light, the rest is given by the kidneys.
    Indications:
    Inhalation general anesthesia by open (drip), semi-open, semi-closed and closed systems (mainly with short-term surgical interventions).
    Maintain general anesthesia in combined general anesthesia with psychoactive drugs and peripheral muscle relaxants.

    Contraindications:
    Hypersensitivity, acute diseases of the respiratory tract, cerebrospinal hypertension, arterial hypertension; chronic heart failure, hepatic and / or renal failure, cachexia, diabetes mellitus, acidosis.
    The need for an electrocoagulation or an electroknife during surgery.

    Carefully:Operations in the maxillofacial area (because of the danger of explosion), mask anesthesia using only ether, children's age, pregnancy and lactation.
    Pregnancy and lactation:Use with caution in pregnancy and lactation.
    Dosing and Administration:
    In a semi-open system, 2-4 vol.% Of the ether in the inhaled mixture is maintained by analgesia and deactivation of consciousness, 5-8% by volume - superficial anesthesia, 10-12% by volume - deep anesthesia. To put the patient to sleep, concentrations of up to 20-25% vol are required.
    Anesthesia is carried out by ether using an open mask drop method or by a hardware method (also using a mask), adding oxygen (not less than 1 l / min.). Anesthesia begins with the supply of ether at a concentration of 1% by volume, then gradually increases the concentration to 10-12% by volume, and in some cases is gradually increased to 16-18% by volume.Narcotic sleep comes in 12-20 minutes, further anesthesia with a concentration of 2-4%. At the end of anesthesia, the patient is transferred to breathing with air enriched with oxygen.

    Side effects:
    On the part of the respiratory system: hypersecretion of the bronchial glands, cough, laryngo- and bronchospasm, pulmonary ventilation disorders, acceleration or respiratory depression, up to respiratory arrest, pneumonia and bronchopneumonia (in the postoperative period), diffusion anoxia (against pulmonary and cardiac function or prolonged use in high concentrations).
    From the side of the cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): tachycardia or bradycardia, until the heart is stopped; arrhythmias; hyper- or hypotension; collapse; bleeding.
    On the part of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract: hypersalivation, nausea, vomiting, a decrease in the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract, paralytic ileus (with prolonged anesthesia), transient jaundice, changes in hepatic samples.
    From the nervous system and sensory organs: excitation, motor activity, rarely - convulsions in children, drowsiness, depression (after surgery).
    Other: metabolic acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia,
    reduction of glomerular filtration and diuresis, albuminuria.
    Overdose:
    Symptoms: headache, nausea, back pain, agitation, inadequate behavior, then - general weakness, drowsiness, cyanosis, acrocyanosis, tachycardia, filiform pulse, pronounced mydriasis, oppression of the respiratory and vasomotor center, asphyxia, arterial hypotension, collapse, heart failure , loss of consciousness, coma, stopping breathing and heart. With chronic intoxication - decreased appetite, nausea (rarely vomiting), constipation, apathy, pallor of the skin, headache, dizziness, ethanol's non-immunity.
    Treatment: cessation of anesthesia, airway patency, artificial ventilation of the lungs with hyperventilation, transfusion therapy, administration of hydrocortisone, dopamine (0.2 g in 500 ml isotonic sodium chloride solution at a rate of 2 μg / kg / min), caffeine (1 ml 10 -20% solution p / k), bemegrida (5-10 ml of 0.5% solution intravenously, slowly), carrying out measures to prevent pneumonia, incl. Warming the patient.

    Interaction:
    Strengthens the effect of drugs that depress the central nervous system (mutually), the effect of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, such as tubocurarine, the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers. Reduces the hypoglycemic effect of insulin and sulfonylureas, reduces the effect of oxytocin and other hormonal stimulants of the uterus. Incompatible with analeptics and psychostimulants. Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase inhibit metabolism, thereby increasing the anesthetic effect; epinephrine and eufillin increase the risk of arrhythmias; m-cholinoblockers and antihistamines neutralize side effects; muscle relaxants halve the consumption of ether.
    Minimal alveolar concentration decreases with simultaneous application of nitrous oxide.

    Special instructions:Ether vapor is easily ignited; with oxygen, air, nitrous oxide form, in certain concentrations, explosive mixtures. In order to reduce excitation, ethereal anesthesia is often used after introductory anesthesia with barbiturates. Sometimes anesthesia begins with nitrous oxide, and the ether is used to maintain general anesthesia.The use of muscle relaxants can enhance muscle relaxation and significantly reduce the amount of ether needed for anesthesia - up to 2-4 vol.% (To maintain general anesthesia in a semi-open system). For general anesthesia, it is possible to use ether only from vials opened immediately before the operation. Under the influence of light, air and moisture, harmful products (peroxides, aldehydes, ketones) are generated in the ether, causing severe irritation of the respiratory tract.
    Form release / dosage:Liquid for inhalation.
    Packaging:The bottles of orange glass are 100 ml, 140 ml and 150 ml.
    Storage conditions:List 1, potent and poisonous substances of the BCPC list.
    In a place protected from light and sources of fire at a temperature of not more than 150 C. At the end of every 6 months of storage, the ether for anesthesia is checked for compliance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia for the presence of impurities.
    Shelf life:3 years.
    After opening the bottle the drug should be used within 4 weeks. Do not use after the expiry date printed on the package.
    Terms of leave from pharmacies:For hospitals
    Registration number:P N003639 / 01
    Date of registration:16.07.2009
    The owner of the registration certificate:MEDHIMPROM ПХФК, ОАО MEDHIMPROM ПХФК, ОАО Russia
    Manufacturer: & nbsp
    Information update date: & nbsp05.01.2016
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