Active substanceValproic acidValproic acid
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  • Dosage form: & nbspenteric coated tablets
    Composition:

    1 tablet contains:

    as an active substance: sodium valproate 200 mg, 300 mg;

    Excipients: silicon dioxide colloid, cellulose microcrystalline, corn starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30, calcium silicate, magnesium stearate, purified talc, sodium starch glycolate (type A), hypromellose 2910, dibutyl phthalate, methacrylic acid type C copolymer, titanium dioxide;

    dyes: crimson 4 R lacquer, yellow "Sunset Sunset" (Sunset Yellow) FCF lacquered.

    Description:

    Round, biconvex tablets, covered with enteric-coated shell of pink color.

    Pharmacotherapeutic group:antiepileptic agent
    ATX: & nbsp

    N.03.A.G.01   Valproic acid

    Pharmacodynamics:

    Antiepileptic agent, has a central muscle relaxant and sedative effect. The mechanism of action is associated with an increase in the content of GABA in the central nervous system (due to inhibition of GABA-transferase, as well as a decrease in GABA reuptake in the brain), resulting in decreased excitability and convulsive readiness of the motor zones of the brain.According to another hypothesis, it acts on the sites of postsynaptic receptors, imitating or enhancing the inhibitory effect of GABA. A possible direct effect on membrane activity is associated with changes in conductivity for K +. It improves the mental state and mood of patients, has antiarrhythmic activity.

    Pharmacokinetics:

    With the appointment of the inside is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is about 100%. Maximum concentration. in blood plasma is achieved 3-4 hours after admission. Equilibrium concentration is achieved on the 2-4 day of admission (depends on the intervals between doses). The therapeutic concentrations in the blood plasma range from 50-150 mg / l. The connection with plasma proteins is 90%. Penetrates through the placental and blood-brain barrier; is excreted in breast milk (concentration in breast milk is 1-10% concentration in the blood plasma of the mother). The content in the cerebrospinal fluid correlates with the size of the protein-unbound fraction.

    The half-life period varies from 6 to 16 hours. Metabolised in the liver with the formation of glucuronide. It is excreted mainly by kidneys in the form of a metabolite; small amounts of the drug are excreted with feces and exhaled air.

    Indications:

    - Epilepsy - small seizures (absences, complex absences);

    - large convulsive seizures;

    - focal seizures.

    Contraindications:

    - Hypersensitivity to the drug;

    - marked violations of the liver and / or pancreas;

    - porphyria;

    - hemorrhagic diathesis;

    - severe thrombocytopenia, leukopenia;

    - children up to 3 years;

    - pregnancy;

    - lactation period.

    Carefully:

    Patients with:

    - anamnestic data on liver and pancreas diseases, as well as bone marrow damage;

    - impaired renal function;

    - congenital enzymopathy;

    - mentally retarded children;

    - organic brain damage;

    - hypoproteinemia.

    Dosing and Administration:

    Inside with meals, the dose is set individually. A tablet to swallow whole, not breaking, not chewing. You can not change the dose and treatment regimen without consulting your doctor.

    Adults: the drug is prescribed in the initial daily dose of 0.3-0.6 g in 2 divided doses. The dose is gradually increased by 0.1-1.15 g per day every 3-4 days until the desired effect is achieved. The maximum daily dose is 2.4 g.

    Children with body weight less than 40 kg: the drug is prescribed in a daily dose of 20 mg / kg.

    Children with a body weight of 40 kg and more: the maximum daily dose is 40 mg / kg of body weight.

    Multiplicity of appointment - 2 times a day.

    Cancellation of treatment is made with a gradual dose reduction, for 1-2 years. In case of effectiveness of the therapy, the dose recalculation, depending on the body weight of the child, may not be performed, if there is no worsening of the ECG.
    Side effects:

    From the gastrointestinal tract: at the beginning of treatment, transient abnormalities are possible: anorexia, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased appetite, rarely constipation, pancreatitis up to severe lethal lesions.

    From the side of the central nervous system: retardation, ataxia; tremor, changes in behavior, mood or mental state (depression, fatigue, hallucinations, aggressiveness, hyperactivity, psychosis, unusual arousal, motor anxiety or irritability), dizziness, drowsiness, headache, dysarthria, enuresis, stupor, impaired consciousness, coma .

    From the sense organs: diplopia, nystagmus, flashing of "flies" before the eyes.

    From the side of the liver: there may be a transient increase in hepatic enzyme activity observed during the first few months of treatment and often not showing any clinical symptoms (frequency about 40%).The risk of developing these side effects depends on the dose of the drug; when the dose decreases, these effects decrease or disappear. Very rarely there is a development of fulminant hepatitis with a lethal outcome, and it is not always possible to detect previous changes in liver function indices.

    Allergic reactions: skin rash, alopecia, hives, angioedema, photosensitivity, malignant exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) are possible.

    From the endocrine system: dysmenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, breast enlargement, galactorrhea.

    On the part of the organs of hematopoiesis and the system of hemostasis: anemia; thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, reduction of fibrinogen, platelet aggregation and clotting, accompanied by prolonged bleeding time, petechial hemorrhages, bruising, bruising, bleeding, etc.

    From the side of metabolism: decrease or increase in body weight.

    Laboratory indicators: hyperkreatininemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperammonemia, a slight increase in the activity of "hepatic" transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase (dose-dependent).

    Other: peripheral edema.

    Overdose:

    Symptoms: increased severity of side effects: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, impaired breathing function, muscle hypotension, hyporeflexia, miosis, coma.

    Treatment: gastric lavage, maintenance of adequate diuresis, hemodialysis and hemoperfusion, symptomatic therapy.

    Interaction:

    Valproic acid enhances effects, incl. by-products, other antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, lamotrigine), anxiolytic drugs (tranquilizers), MAO inhibitors, timoleptics, ethanol.

    Addition of valproate to clonazepam in single cases can lead to an increase in the expression of absent status.

    With the simultaneous use of valproic acid with barbiturates or primidone, there is an increase in their concentration in the blood plasma.

    Increases the half-life of lamotrigine (inhibits liver enzymes, slows the metabolism of lamotrigine, so that its half-life extends to 70 hours in adults and up to 45-55 hours in children).

    Reduces zidovudine clearance by 38%, while its half-life does not change.

    Tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, antipsychotics (antipsychotics) and other drugs that reduce the threshold of convulsive activity, reduce the effectiveness of valproic acid.

    When combined with salicylates, there is an increase in the effects of valproic acid (displacement from the bond with plasma proteins), enhances the effect of antiplatelet agents (acetylsalicylic acid) and indirect anticoagulants.

    When combined with phenytoin, mefloquine, the content of valproic acid in the blood serum decreases (acceleration of metabolism).

    Felbamate increases the concentration of valproic acid in the plasma by 35-50% (dose adjustment is necessary).

    With the simultaneous use of valproic acid with ethanol and other drugs that depress the central nervous system (tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors and antipsychotics), it is possible to increase CNS depression.

    Ethanol and other hepatotoxic agents increase the likelihood of developing liver damage.

    Valproic acid does not induce the induction of hepatic enzymes and does not reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

    When combined with phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, mefloquine, the content of valproic acid in the blood serum decreases.

    When combined with myelotoxic agents, the risk of oppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis increases.

    Special instructions:

    Before the beginning of treatment and during treatment, it is recommended to monitor the functional state of the liver and pancreas, the picture of peripheral blood, and the parameters of blood coagulation. If there is or suspected a violation of the liver and pancreas, as well as the violation of blood clotting, the drug should be discarded.

    With combined therapy with other anticonvulsants, it is advisable to monitor, especially at the beginning of the treatment, the concentration in the blood plasma of another drug, as it may vary under the influence of Encorat.

    Patients who receive other antiepileptic drugs, transfer to reception valproic acid should be carried out gradually, reaching a clinically effective dose in 2 weeks after which a gradual cancellation of other antiepileptic drugs is possible. In patients who were not treated with other antiepileptic drugs, a clinically effective dose should be achieved after 1 week.

    The risk of developing side effects from the liver is increased when combined anticonvulsant therapy, as well as in children.

    An increased risk of bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy should be considered.

    Against the background of treatment with Encorat, a false positive urine reaction to ketone bodies is possible.

    There are reports of a change in the functional state of the thyroid gland in the course of therapy with Encoratum.

    Before the surgical intervention, a general blood test (including platelet numbers), bleeding time, coagulogram indices is required.

    If there is a symptomatology of the "acute" abdomen before the onset of surgery, it is recommended to determine the level of amylase in the blood to exclude acute pancreatitis.

    During treatment it is necessary to take into account the possible distortion of the results of urinalysis in diabetes mellitus (due to an increase in the content of keto products), thyroid function indices.

    With the development of any acute serious side effects, it is necessary to immediately discuss with the doctor the advisability of continuing or discontinuing treatment.

    To reduce the risk of dyspeptic disorders, it is possible to take antispasmodics and enveloping agents.

    Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:When using the drug should refrain from potentially dangerous activities that require increased attention, rapid mental and motor reaction.
    Form release / dosage:

    Tablets, coated with enteric coating, 200 mg and 300 mg.

    Packaging:

    10 tablets per strip, made of aluminum foil.

    10 strips, together with instructions for use, are placed in a cardboard box.

    Storage conditions:

    In a dry, the dark place at a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C.

    Keep out of the reach of children.

    Shelf life:

    3 years.

    Do not use after the expiration date.

    Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription
    Registration number:П N011201
    Date of registration:08.09.2008
    The owner of the registration certificate:San Pharmaceutical Industries Co., Ltd.San Pharmaceutical Industries Co., Ltd. India
    Manufacturer: & nbsp
    Representation: & nbspSAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. SAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. India
    Information update date: & nbsp10.12.2015
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