The incidence of adverse reactions observed with nitrofurantoin is given in the following gradation: very often (≥ 1/10), often (≥ 1/100, <1/10), infrequently (≥ 1/1000, <1/100), rarely (≥ 1/10 000, <1/1000), very rarely (<1/10 000) and the frequency is unknown (it is impossible to estimate based on available data).
Infectious and parasitic diseases:
frequency unknown - pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection of the genito-urinary tract, often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Candida spp.
Violations from the blood and lymphatic system:
rarely - megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia in patients with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Immune system disorders:
very rarely - lupus-like syndrome (rash, eosinophilia, fever, arthralgia), while in the blood serum there is an increase in two or more parameters - antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to smooth muscles or to the basal membrane of the glomeruli and the Coombs reaction. In some cases - angioedema, anaphylaxis, autoimmune reactions,associated with chronic changes in the lungs or liver.
Impaired nervous system:
often - headache;
rarely - increased intracranial pressure;
frequency unknown - dizziness, asthenia, nystagmus, drowsiness; peripheral polyneuropathy (including optic neuritis), the first symptoms of which are numbness and burning sensation in the legs, muscle weakness.
Disturbances from the respiratory system, chest and mediastinal organs:
very rarely: acute and chronic reactions of hypersensitivity of the lungs, characterized by fever, eosinophilia, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath ("nitrofurantoin pneumonia"), interstitial changes in the lungs, bronchial obstruction syndrome, pleurisy. Pulmonary infiltrate or compression and pleural effusion may occur within a few hours or days from the start of therapy; After stopping the drug, they usually resolve. Subacute or acute pulmonary symptoms, including pulmonary fibrosis, can develop imperceptibly in patients with prolonged therapy; Fibrosis may be irreversible, especially if therapy continues after the onset of symptoms (see.section "Contraindications").
Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract:
often - nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite;
rarely - diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, inflammation of the salivary glands.
Disorders from the liver and / or bile ducts:
rarely - hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice (dozonezavisimy and pass after withdrawal of the drug).
Disturbances from the skin and subcutaneous tissues:
often - allergic reactions (skin rashes, hives, itching);
very rarely - exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme.
Violations of the genitals and breast:
very rarely - a passing violation of spermatogenesis.
Other:
rarely - pain in the joints, reversible hair loss.