Arterial stenosis / hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Caution should be exercised when taking ACE inhibitors in patients with obstructive heart disease (mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy). In this case, there is a risk of severe arterial hypotension, due to the fact that the ability to increase the volume of cardiac output to compensate for systemic vasodilation is lost.
Arterial hypotension
Against the background of taking ACE inhibitors, severe arterial hypotension may develop, especially at the beginning of treatment. Arterial hypotension after the first administration of the drug most often occurs in patients with an activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, for example, in renal vascular hypertension or other conditions causing kidney hypoperfusion, with a decrease in sodium or hypovolemia, or with previous treatment with other vasodilators. These conditions can be observed simultaneously with severe heart failure.
In case of arterial hypotension, the patient should be laid with raised legs and injected with a drug that increases the BCC. After completing the BCC treatment with the drug Incibex® can be continued. However, if the symptoms of arterial hypotension do not disappear, you should reduce the dose or cancel the drug.
Patients with a risk of hypotension should begin treatment with the drug Incibex ® under the supervision of a doctor, starting with a low dose and with careful titration. If possible, diuretic therapy should be temporarily discontinued.
Similar recommendations should be adhered to patients with angina pectoris or cerebrovascular diseases, as in such patients arterial hypotension can cause ischemia of the myocardium or brain.
Hypersensitivity reactions / angioedema
About cases of angioedema along with therapy with ACE inhibitors was reported at a frequency of approximately 0.1-0.5%. Angioedema, caused by ACE inhibitors, can occur as a resurgent episode of edema that stops when the drug is withdrawn, or in the form of acute swelling of the oropharynx and potentially life-threatening airway obstruction, which requires emergency medical attention. Also within 24-48 hours after the first admission, it is possible to develop angioedema of the intestine. Patients with angioneuroticeski edema, unrelated to ACE inhibitors, in the anamnesis belong to the group at increased risk.
Anaphylactic reactions
Anaphylactic reactions against the background of the administration of ACE inhibitors have been observed in patients on hemodialysis through high-permeability membranes of polyacrylnitrite-metal-sulfate (for example, AN 69).Such patients should consider the question of changing the type of membrane for hemodialysis or about the appointment of an antihypertensive drug of another class.
In patients who underwent LDL-apheresis with dextran sulfate on the background of the use of ACE inhibitors, sometimes life-threatening anaphylactic shock developed. The development of this reaction can be avoided by suspending the administration of ACE inhibitors for the duration of each apheresis session.
Anaphylactic reactions can occur in patients undergoing hyposensitization using aspen or bee venom and receiving simultaneously an ACE inhibitor. For this reason, ingibies® should be discontinued before desensitization begins. In addition, in this situation, Inhibase® can not be replaced with beta-blockers.
Dysfunction of the liver
When using the drug Inhibise®, cases of cholestatic hepatitis and an increase in liver function (activity of "hepatic" transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin content) have been reported. With the development of jaundice or a significant increase in the activity of "liver" enzymes, the drug should be discontinued and the appropriatemedical assistance. It is not recommended to take Inhibeys ® in patients with ascites in liver cirrhosis.
Neutropenia
With the administration of ACE inhibitors, rare cases of neutropenia and agranulocytosis are associated, especially in patients with renal insufficiency or vascular disorders in connective tissue diseases, as well as in those receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Such patients should periodically monitor the number of leukocytes.
The content of potassium in the blood serum
ACE inhibitors can cause an increase in potassium in the blood serum, because they have a suppressive effect on the production of aldosterone. In patients with normal renal function, this effect is not significantly expressed. However, in patients with impaired renal function and / or taking additional sources of potassium (in particular, salt substitutes), potassium-sparing diuretics and, especially, aldosterone antagonists, development of hyperkalemia is possible. When concomitantly taking ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics, care should be taken and the kidneys and serum potassium content should be carefully monitored.
Diabetes
The use of ACE inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus may increase the decrease in glucose concentration when treated with hypoglycemic agents for oral administration, especially in patients with impaired renal function. At the beginning of the use of ACE inhibitors in these patients, the concentration of glucose in the blood should be carefully monitored.
Surgery / anesthesia
Arterial hypotension can cause the use of ACE inhibitors during surgical procedures in combination with means for general anesthesia, which also have an antihypertensive effect. In such cases, the patient may be shown an increase in BCC. Before surgery (including dental surgery), it is necessary to alert the surgeon / anesthesiologist about the use of ACE inhibitors.
Race
The antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors is less pronounced in representatives of the Negroid race of African descent. Also, in persons of the Negroid race, the risk of angioedema development is increased.
Lactose intolerance
Inhibise® contains lactose monohydrate. It is not recommended to take Inhibise® in patients with hereditary lactose intolerance, with lactase deficiency Lapp or glucose-galactose malabsorption.
Patients with renal insufficiency may need a dose reduction depending on the QC (see the section "Dosing and Administration"). Against the background of treatment with ACE inhibitors, an increase in the concentration of urea nitrogen and / or serum creatinine is possible. Although these changes are usually reversible after the discontinuation of the Inhibise® drug and diuretic therapy, serious cases of kidney failure and, rarely, acute renal failure have been reported.
In patients with renal artery stenosis, the risk of renal dysfunction, in particular, the development of acute renal failure, has been increased with Inhibice® treatment. The use of the drug in such patients should be done with caution. In these groups of patients should monitor the kidney function in the first weeks of therapy. If kidney failure occurs, discontinue treatment.
Instructions for the destruction of an unused product or expired
The presence of the drug in the environment should be minimized. The disposal of an unused preparation or an expired product should be carried out in accordance with local requirements.