Estradiol, which is a part of the drug, in the human body is transformed into a natural 17β-Extradiol and acts similarly.
The estrogen component - estradiol is a substance of natural origin and, upon admission into the body, rapidly turns into estradiol, identical to the hormone produced by the ovaries and exerts its own effects: it activates the proliferation of the epithelium of the organs of the reproductive system, including the regeneration and growth of the endometrium in the first phase of the menstrual cycle, the preparation of the endometrium to the action of progesterone, the increase in libido in the middle of the cycle, affects the exchange of fats, proteins, carbohydrates and electrolytes, stimulates the production of liver globulins, binding sex hormones, renin, triglycerides and coagulation factors. Through participation in the realization of positive and negative feedback in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system estradiol It can also cause moderate central effects. It plays an important role in the development of bone tissue and the formation of bone structure.
Another component is the active synthetic gestagen - norgestrel, superior in strength to the action of the natural hormone of the yellow body progesterone. Promotes the transition of the mucous membrane of the uterus from the stage of proliferation into the secretory phase. Reduces excitability and contractility of the musculature of the uterus and fallopian tubes, stimulates the development of the end elements of the mammary glands. It blocks the secretion of hypothalamic release factors luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibits the formation of gonadotropic hormones, inhibits ovulation, has minor androgenic properties.
Estradiol replenishes the estrogen deficiency in the female body after the onset of menopause and provides effective treatment of psychoemotional and vegetative climacteric symptoms (such as "hot flashes", increased sweating, sleep disturbances, increased nervous excitability, irritability, palpitations, cardialgia, dizziness, headache, decreased libido, muscle and joint pain); involution of the skin and mucous membranes, especially the mucosal genitourinary system (urinary incontinence, dryness and irritation of the vaginal mucosa,soreness with sexual intercourse).
Estradiol prevents bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. This is mainly due to the suppression of osteoclast function and the shift of the bone remodeling process towards bone formation. It has been proven that prolonged use of hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of fractures of peripheral bones in women after menopause.
Hormone replacement therapy also has a beneficial effect on the content of collagen in the skin, as well as on its density, and can also slow the process of wrinkle formation.
Hormone replacement therapy leads to a reduction in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an increase in triglyceride levels. The gestagen contained in the combined preparation, to a certain extent, prevents the effect of estradiol on the metabolism of lipids.
Observational studies suggest that, among postmenopausal women, the use of hormone replacement therapy reduces the incidence of colon cancer.