Oxacillin - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

Oxacillin is an antibacterial agent from the group of semisynthetic penicillins. Oxacillin has a bactericidal effect, suppressing the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Resistant to the action of penicillinase. It is active against gram-positive microorganisms: Staphylococcus spp. (including those producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp., including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis, anaerobic spore-forming rods, Gram-negative cocci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis), Actinomyces spp., Treponema spp.

It is inactive with respect to the majority of gram-negative bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, protozoa, fungi.

Pharmacokinetics:Absorption is fast and complete. It is stable in slightly acidic medium.Connection with plasma proteins - about 90%.

The half-life of the drug is 30 minutes. Time to reach the maximum concentration of the drug in the plasma - 1-2 hours, the concentration quickly decreases to 4 hours. In the pleural fluid is found in a concentration reaching 10%, synovial and ascitic fluid - 50%, bile - 5-8% in relation to its concentration in the blood serum. It does not penetrate the intact blood-brain barrier, with inflammation of the meninges, penetration increases. Penetrates through the placental barrier, is found in breast milk.

More than 40% of the drug after the / m introduction quickly excreted by the kidneys, with bile - 10%.

Indications:

Infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive microorganisms producing and not producing penicillinase (mainly staphylococci) (including septicemia, pneumonia, empyema, abscesses, phlegmon, cholecystitis, pyelitis, cystitis, osteomyelitis, postoperative wound infections, infected burns, etc. ).

The drug is also prescribed for mixed infections, when simultaneously there are sensitive and resistant to benzylpenicillin gram-positive microorganisms, bacterial endocarditis.

It is inappropriate to apply oxacillin In infections caused by susceptible to benzylpenicillin, staphylococci.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to oxacillin, penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics, lactation period.

Carefully:

Allergic reactions in the anamnesis and / or bronchial asthma, chronic renal failure, enterocolitis on the background of antibiotics (in history), pregnancy.

Pregnancy and lactation:

In pregnancy apply only if the intended benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus.

During pregnancy and lactation, they are prescribed only for "vital" indications.

If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.

Dosing and Administration:Oxacillin is used intramuscularly.

The daily dose for adults and children over 6 years is 2-4 g, for children of newborns and prematurity - 20-40 mg / kg. Up to 3 months - 60-80 mg / kg, from 3 months to 2 years -1 g, from 2 to 6 years - 2 g.

The daily dose is administered in 3-4 doses, with an interval of 6-8 hours. If necessary, these doses may be increased in 1,5-2 times.

When preparing solutions for intramuscular injections into a vial containing 500 mg of oxacillin is poured into 3 ml of water for injection.

The duration of treatment is usually 7-10 days. In severe forms diseases (sepsis, septic endocarditis and others) treatment can last from 2 to 6 weeks.

Side effects:

With the introduction of oxacillin, allergic reactions are possible (itching, hives, angioedema, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, eosinophilia); dyspepsia (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea); pseudomembranous colitis, candidiasis of the oral cavity, vaginal candidiasis; hepatotoxic effect - often develops at a dose higher than 6 g / day (hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting, icteric sclera or skin, increased activity of "liver" transaminases); hematuria, proteinuria, interstitial nephritis.

In these cases, the antibiotic is canceled and desensitizing therapy is administered.

Overdose:

Symptoms: dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and water-elektrolitnogo balance.

Treatment: symptomatic. Hemodialysis is effective.

Interaction:Increases the toxicity of methotrexate (competition for tubular secretion); when used simultaneously with calciumfolinate (antidote antagonists folic acid) may require a longer application.

The combination of ampicillin or benzylpenicillin with oxacillin is rational, since the latter, suppressing the activity of penicillinase, thereby reducing the destruction of ampicillin and benzylpenicillin.

The spectrum of action with this combination becomes wider.

It is necessary to avoid joint use with other drugs that have a hepatotoxic effect.

It is not recommended to prescribe concomitantly with bacteriostatic antibiotics (decreased efficacy).

Drugs that block tubular secretion, increase the concentration of oxacillin in the blood.

Special instructions:

With bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases oxacillin should be used with caution, if necessary, simultaneously prescribe antihistamines.

Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:

The drug does not adversely affect the ability to drive vehicles and work with mechanisms.

Form release / dosage:Powder for solution for intramuscular injection, 500 mg.

Packaging:

500 mg active substance into vials from a glass tube for medicinal products.

50 vials per box with an attachment of 10 instructions for use (for hospitals).

1, 5 or 10 bottles in an individual pack with instructions for use.

Packaging complete with a solvent - water for injection.

The kit includes:

a) 1 vial of the drug and 1 ampoule with water for injection for 5 ml;

b) 5 vials of the drug and 5 vials of water for injection for 5 ml;

c) 10 vials of the drug and 10 ampoules of water for injection for 5 ml.

The kit is placed in individual packs of cardboard, along with instructions for medical use, an ampoule or ampoule knife with a knife. When using ampoules with notches, rings or break points, the ampoule opener or ampoule scapegrator is not inserted.

Storage conditions:In a dry place, protected from light and out of reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding above 20 ° С.

Shelf life:

2 of the year.

After the expiry date, the drug should not be used.

Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription

Registration number:P N002184 / 01-2003

Date of registration:25.12.2008 / 03.08.2011

Expiration Date:Unlimited

The owner of the registration certificate:BIOCHEMIST, OJSC BIOCHEMIST, OJSC Russia

Manufacturer: & nbsp

BIOCHEMIST, OJSC Russia

Representation: & nbspBIOCHEMICAL JSC BIOCHEMICAL JSC Russia

Information update date: & nbsp24.05.2017

Illustrated instructions

Instructions

Oxacillin (Oxacillin)