Kanamycin (Kanamycinum)

Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Indications Carefully Contraindications Dosing and Administration Side effects
Read on
Clinical and pharmacological group: & nbsp

Aminoglycosides

Included in the formulation
  • Kanamycin
    powder for injections 
    KRASFARMA, JSC     Russia
  • Kanamycin
    powder w / m 
    SYNTHESIS, JSC Joint-stock Kurgan Society of Medical Preparations and Products     Russia
  • Kanamycin
    powder w / m 
    Promomed Rus, Open Company     Russia
    • Included in the list (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2782-r of 30.12.2014):

    VED

    АТХ:

    A.07.A.A.08   Kanamycin

    Pharmacodynamics:

    Antibiotic from the group of aminoglycosides. Linked from 30S-subunit of the ribosomes of the bacterial cell and disrupts the movement of the ribosome along the filaments PHK. Also changes the process of reading the code PHK, which leads to the synthesis of functionally inactive proteins. Is able to disrupt the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms. Has a bactericidal type of action against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including strains producing penicillinase.

    Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as acid-fast bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (at including resistant to streptomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid and other anti-tuberculosis drugs, except viomycin), Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningitidis, Staphylococcus spp. Strains of these microorganisms, resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, in most cases retain sensitivity to kanamycin.

    Does not apply to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides, yeast fungi, viruses and protozoa.

    Pharmacokinetics:

    After taking an intramuscular injection, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 8 hours. The connection with plasma proteins is 10%. Penetrates through the placental barrier, as well as into the pleural, pericardial, synovial and peritoneal cavities, inside abscesses and caverns. With inflammatory changes in the meninges, it penetrates the blood-brain barrier.

    Metabolism in the liver.

    The half-life is 2-4 hours. Elimination by the kidneys.

    Indications:

    It is used for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis lesions of other organs, purulent-septic diseases (meningitis, sepsis, septic endocarditis, peritonitis), infectious-inflammatory diseases of the lungs (abscess, empyema, pneumonia), urinary tract infections and kidneys (urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis ), infected burns and inflammatory processes caused by pathogens sensitive to kanamycin.

    ICD-10

    I.A15-A19.A16.2   Tuberculosis of the lungs without mention of bacteriological or histological confirmation

    I.A15-A19.A19.9   Miliary tuberculosis, unspecified

    I.A30-A49.A41.9   Septicemia, unspecified

    VI.G00-G09.G03.9   Meningitis, unspecified

    IX.I30-I52.I33   Acute and subacute endocarditis

    X.J10-J18.J18   Pneumonia without clarification of the pathogen

    X.J85-J86.J85   Abscess of the lung and mediastinum

    X.J85-J86.J86   Pythothrace

    XI.K65-K67.K65   Peritonitis

    XIV.N10-N16.N12   Tubulointerstitial nephritis, not specified as acute or chronic

    XIV.N30-N39.N30   Cystitis

    XIV.N30-N39.N34   Urethritis and urethral syndrome

    XIX.T79.T79.3   Post-traumatic wound infection, not elsewhere classified

    XXI.Z100.Z100 *   CLASS XXII Surgical Practice

    XXI.Z80-Z99.Z98.8   Other specified post-surgical conditions

    Contraindications:

    Severe renal failure with azotemia (residual nitrogen in the blood above 150 mg%) and uremia, diseases of auditory and vestibular, cochlear neuritis, myasthenia gravis, idiosyncrasy.

    Carefully:

    Botulism, parkinsonism, myasthenia gravis, ulcerative bowel disease, renal failure, dehydration, neonatal period, prematurity of children, advanced age.

    Pregnancy and lactation:

    Recommendations for FDA - category D. Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

    Dosing and Administration:

    Use in children

    Intramuscular 2-3 times a day, daily dose:

    up to 1 year: 0.1 g;

    1-5 years: 0.1-0.3 g;

    over 5 years: 15 mg / kg.

    Adults

    Intramuscularly, 0.5 g every 8-12 hours.

    The highest daily dose: 2 g.

    The highest single dose: 1 g.

    Side effects:

    Central and peripheral nervous system: neuromuscular blockade, respiratory arrest.

    Digestive system: candidiasis, nausea, vomiting, malabsorption syndrome.

    Sense organs: deafness.

    Urinary system: toxic nephrosis.

    Dermatological reactions: candidiasis; itching, burning with local application.

    Allergic reactions.

    Overdose:

    Stop breathing.

    Treatment: hemodialysis, oxygen therapy, anticholinesterase drugs, calcium salts.

    Interaction:

    Simultaneous use with anesthetics, inhalation of halogenated hydrocarbons, blockers of neuromuscular transmission, massive transfusions of citrated blood increases the risk of blockade of neuromuscular transmission.

    Simultaneous use with warfarin enhances the therapeutic effect.

    When used simultaneously with other aminoglycosides, the risk of ototoxicity increases.

    The risk of nephrotoxicity increases with simultaneous use with amphotericin B, aldesleukin, salicylates, acyclovir, bacitracin, carmustine, ifosfamide, preparations of gold and lithium, sulfonamides, cytostatics.

    Special instructions:

    When parenteral administration can sometimes cause the development of curare-like symptoms.

    Instructions
    Up