Pheniramine (Pheniraminum)

Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Indications Carefully Contraindications Dosing and Administration Side effects
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Clinical and pharmacological group: & nbsp

H1-antihistamines

Included in the formulation
АТХ:

R.06.A.B.05   Pheniramine

Pharmacodynamics:

Competitive reversible blockade of H1-receptors of effector cells, prevention (but not elimination) of effects mediated by histamine.

Antihistamine (antiallergic) effect: prevention of spasm of smooth muscles, including bronchospasm, an obstacle to increased capillary permeability and the development of hyperemia and itching, suppression of histamine-induced secretion of salivary, lacrimal and other exocrine glands (excluding the stomach). The onset of action for 1 hour with ingestion, the duration of the action is up to 24 hours.

Sedative and hypnotic: inhibition of histamine-N-methyltransferase (blockade of central H1-receptors), psychostimulant (less often): agitation, anxiety, nervousness, insomnia.

Blockade of m-holinoretseptorov.

Pharmacokinetics:

When administered orally, the therapeutic effect occurs within 1 hour, the maximum effect after 6 hours, and lasts up to 24 hours.

After oral administration, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 1-2.5 hours. The half-life in the final phase is 16-19 hours. It is excreted in the urine (70-83%) in the form of unchanged substance and metabolites.

Indications:Pollinosis (hay fever), allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis; neurodermatitis; itching of various etiologies; Quincke's edema, urticaria, insect bites, medicinal dermatitis, thermal burns of the 1st degree; general malaise due to radiation therapy.
ICD-10

VII.H10-H13.H10.1   Acute atopic conjunctivitis

X.J30-J39.J30.1   Allergic rhinitis caused by pollen of plants

X.J30-J39.J30.3   Other allergic rhinitis

XII.L20-L30.L20.8   Other atopic dermatitis

XII.L20-L30.L23   Allergic contact dermatitis

XII.L20-L30.L24   Simple irritant contact dermatitis

XII.L20-L30.L28.0   Simple chronic lichen

XII.L20-L30.L29   Itching

XII.L50-L54.L50   Hives

XIX.T20-T32.T30   Thermal and chemical burns, unspecified

XIX.T66-T78.T78.3   Angioedema

Contraindications:Hypersensitivitynost; heart failure, arterial hypertension; hypertrophy of the prostate, urinary retention, closed and open-angle glaucoma; pregnancy, breast-feeding.
Carefully:Bronchial asthma, pyloric stenosis.
Pregnancy and lactation:

Recommendations for FDA - Category C. Qualitative and well-controlled studies on humans have not been conducted. Do not apply!

Penetrates into breast milk. The use is not recommended due to increased excitability in infants. Can inhibit lactation due to the presence of anticholinergic activity.

Dosing and Administration:Dosing regimen of the individual is individual. Pheniramine is taken internally after meals, is administered intramuscularly.For oral administration, the average single dose for adults is 25 mg, the frequency of admission is 2 to 3 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 3 mg / kg. For intramuscular injection, the average single dose for adults is 45.5 mg, the frequency of administration is 1 to 2 times a day. The average single dose for children is set according to age.
With outpatient treatment, it is necessary to take into account the possible decrease in the rate of psychomotor reactions. During therapy, an ophthalmologist should be monitored.
Side effects:

Decreased rate of psychomotor reactions, fatigue, drowsiness, dry mouth, dyspeptic symptoms, tachycardia, arrhythmias, urinary retention, allergic reactions, dermatitis, visual impairment, increased intraocular pressure in patients with angle-closure glaucoma; in some cases, especially in children, with a high dose, there may be a feeling of anxiety, excitement, hallucinations, confusion, loss of appetite, increased viscosity of bronchial gland secretions, skin rashes.

Changes in mood, transient psychoses (in persons with a history of mental illness); dizziness, headache, ringing in the ears.

Rarely, the reaction rate decreases.

Children - a feeling of anxiety, excitement, hallucinations, confusion.

Overdose:

Anticholinergic effects: clumsiness or instability, dryness in the oral cavity, nose or throat, flush of blood to the face, shortness of breath. CNS depression (drowsiness) or CNS stimulation (hallucinations, convulsions, restless sleep). Hypotension.

Treatment is symptomatic. Do not use respiratory analeptics due to the threat of seizures!

Interaction:

Alcohol and drugs that depress the central nervous system (barbiturates, hypnotics, narcotic analgesics, sedatives, anxiolytics and antipsychotics) -increase CNS depression.

Allergens used for carrying out skin tests - to cancel antihistamines before carrying out skin tests due to the possibility of false negative results.

Anticholinergics or other drugs with anticholinergic activity - increased anticholinergic effects, the development of paralytic intestinal obstruction.

Apomorphine - a decrease in the effects of apomorphine.

MAO inhibitors, including furazolidone and procarbazine - prolongation and intensification of the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system and the anticholinergic effects of phenyramine.

Drugs that have ototoxic effect - masking symptoms of ototoxic action, such as tinnitus or dizziness.

Photosensitizing agents - enhanced photosensitization.

Special instructions:

During the period of treatment, an oculist should be observed.

For outpatient treatment, the possible reduction in the rate of psychomotor reactions should be considered.

Instructions
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