First aid to the bitten on the spot. The victim is laid in the shade and given a copious drink: tea, coffee, milk, broth, water (alcohol consumption is prohibited) and 1 therapeutic dose of whey is administered regardless of the body weight of the bitten. In order to avoid anaphylactic shock or other allergic complications, before entering the serum, 1-2 tablets of any antihistamine drug (diphenhydramine, pipolfen, tavegil, etc.) are given inside. Serum is injected subcutaneously fractional (according to Beside) to any part of the affected body: first 0.1 ml, in the absence of reaction after 10-15 minutes, 0.25 ml is injected and then through. 15 minutes in the absence of adverse reactions all remaining serum. The opened ampoule should be covered with a sterile bandage or cotton swab. After providing first aid, it is necessary to provide emergency hospitalization of the victim to the nearest medical institution, where the treatment will continue. Transport the patient in a lying position. The bitten leg is bandaged to a healthy one, giving a slightly elevated position. When bitten in the hand, it is fixed in a bent position with the help of tissue thrown over the neck.
Assistance in a medical institution. The total administered dose of serum is determined by the doctor depending on the degree of intoxication: at a mild degree intramuscularly 1-2 doses, with a heavy 4-5 doses, taking into account the dose administered before hospitalization. In case of particularly severe intoxication, serum is recommended to be injected slowly slowly after dilution (1/5 - 1/10) with a sterile, 0.9% solution of sodium chloride for injections heated to a temperature (37 ± 1) ° ะก. Rate of administration: first 1 ml for 5 min, then 1 ml per min. In exceptional cases, if it is not possible to perform drip infusion, a slow jet administration of a therapeutic dose of serum without dilution with a syringe is allowed. To avoid possible allergic reactions prior to the initiation of intravenous infusion of serum, 60-90 mg of prednisolone is injected strickenly. Intravenous introduction of serum is allowed only to medical personnel!
Children use the same dosing principle as adults, regardless of weight and age.
In some cases, when contaminating the site of the bite with earth, the presence of wounds, necrosis of any type of tissue, it is necessary to carry out measures for emergency prevention of tetanus in accordance with the instruction for the prevention of tetanus.
Precautions for application. Ampoules with serum before opening carefully examined. The drug is not applicable for:
- change in physical properties (turbid contents of the ampoule, the presence of non-breakable flakes);
- any damage to the integrity of the ampoules (cracks, etc.).
The drug for first aid, stored in conditions of expeditions with a violation of the temperature regime, is not suitable at the end of the expedition to the application.