Active substanceCefepimCefepim
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  • Dosage form: & nbsp
    Powder for the preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection.

    Composition:

    Active substance - cefepime hydrochloride monohydrate (in terms of cefepime) - 1.0 g. Auxiliary substance - L-arginine - 0.743 g.

    Description:
    The powder is white or white with a yellowish hue.

    Pharmacotherapeutic group:Antibiotic-cephalosporin.
    ATX: & nbsp

    J.01.D.E.01   Cefepim

    Pharmacodynamics:
    Antibacterial agent from the group of cephalosporins of the IV generation. It acts bactericidal, disrupting the synthesis of the cell wall of microorganisms. Has a wide spectrum of action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, strains resistant to aminoglycosides and / or cephalosporin antibiotics of the third generation. Highly resistant to hydrolysis of most beta-lactamases and rapidly penetrates into bacterial cells.Inside the bacterial cell, the molecular target is the penicillin-binding proteins, which function as enzymes at the final stage of the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the main component of the bacterial cell wall. Blocking the synthesis of peptidoglycan leads to suppression of cell growth and division, lysis of microorganisms.
    It is active in vivo and in vitro for gram-positive aerobes: Staphylococcus aureus (only methicillin-sensitive strains); Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); Streptococcus spp. groups of viridans;
    Gram-negative aerobes: Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    In vitro is active against gram-positive aerobes: Staphylococcus epidermidis (methicillin-sensitive strains only), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B);
    Gram-negative aerobes: Acinetobacter lwoffii, Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Haemophilus influenzae (including strains producing beta-lactamase), Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella oxytoca, Moraxella catarrhalis (including strains producing beta-lactamase); Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens.
    Most strains of Enterococcus spp., Incl. Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (formerly known as Xanthomonas maltophilia), Clostridium difficile are not sensitive to cefepime.
    Pharmacokinetics:
    Bioavailability of 100%. Time to reach the maximum concentration after intravenous and intramuscular injection at a dose of 0.5 g - at the end of infusion and 1-2 hours, respectively.The maximum concentration when administered intramuscularly in doses of 0.5 g, 1.0 and 2.0 g is about 14, 30 and 57 μg / ml, respectively; when administered intravenously at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 g, 1.0 and 2.0 g are approximately 18, 39, 82 and 164 μg / ml, respectively; the time required to achieve an average therapeutic plasma concentration of 12 h; the average therapeutic concentration for intramuscular injection is 0.2 μg / ml, with intravenous - 0.7 μg / ml. Therapeutic concentrations are determined in urine, bile, peritoneal fluid, blister exudate, bronchial mucus secretion, sputum, prostate gland, appendix and gallbladder. The volume of distribution - 0.25 l / kg, in children from 2 months to 16 years - 0.33 l / kg. The connection with plasma proteins is on the average 16.4% and does not depend on the concentration of the drug in the blood serum.
    Cefepime is metabolized to N-methylpyrrolidine, which rapidly converts to N-methylpyrrolidine oxide. Cefepim is excreted mainly by the kidneys by glomerular filtration (renal clearance is on average 110 ml / min). In urine, approximately 85% of the administered dose of unchanged cefepime, less than 1.0% of N-methylpyrrolidine, about 6.8% of N-methylpyrrolidine oxide, and about 2.5% of cefepime epimer is detected.
    The half-life of cefepime from the body averages about 2 hours. The total clearance is an average of 120 ml / min. The half-life of hemodialysis is an average of 13 hours, with continuous peritoneal dialysis - 19 hours.
    Indications:
    Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to cefepime:
    - Pneumonia (moderate to severe) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (including cases of association with concomitant bacteremia), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter spp.
    - Febrile neutropenia (empirical therapy).
    - Complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis.
    - Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains only), Streptococcus pyogenes.
    - Complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.
    Prevention of infections in the conduct of cavitary surgery.
    Contraindications:Hypersensitivity to the components that make up the drug (including antibiotics of the cephalosporin group, penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics); children under 2 months (for intravenousmode of administration) (safety and efficacy in children younger than 2 months not established); Children under 12 years of age (for intramuscular route of administration).
    Carefully:Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including in the anamnesis): pseudomembranous colitis, ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis or antibiotic-associated colitis; chronic renal failure.
    Pregnancy and lactation:When pregnancy is used only if the intended benefit for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus. If you need to use the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued.
    Dosing and Administration:
    Intravenous, intramuscular (only with complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections of mild or moderate severity caused by E.coli).
    The dose and route of administration of the drug varies depending on the sensitivity of the microorganisms of the pathogens, the severity of the infection, and the state of kidney function in the patient.
    Pneumonia (moderate to severe) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (including cases of association with concomitant bacteremia), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter spp. - intravenously 1.0 -2.0 g every 12 hours for 10 days.
    Febrile neutropenia (empirical therapy) - intravenously 2.0 g every 8 hours for 7 days or until neutropenia is resolved.
    Complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections mild and severe due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis - intravenously or intramuscularly (for infections caused by Escherichia coli) - at 0.5-1.0 g every 12 h for 7- 10 days.
    Severe complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections (including pyelonephritis) caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae -vnutrivenno 2.0 g every 12 hours for 10 days.
    Moderate and severe skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (only metitsillinchuvstvitelnye strains), Streptococcus pyogenes - 2.0 g intravenously every 12 hours for 10 days.
    Complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. - intravenously 2.0 g every 12 hours for 7-10 days.
    For the prevention of infection during surgery on abdominal organs: for 60 min before surgery introduced 2.0 g of the drug intravenously over 30 min. At the end of the infusion, add an additional 500 mg of metronidazole intravenously. Metronidazole solutions should not be administered concomitantly with cefepime. Infusion system before the introduction of metronidazole should be washed.During prolonged (more than 12 hours) surgical operations 12 hours after the first dose, repeated administration of 2.0 g of the drug intravenously for 30 minutes is recommended, followed by the administration of 500 mg of metronidazole.
    Children from 2 months to 16 years and weighing up to 40 kg for all indications (excluding febrile neutropenia) - intravenously 50 mg / kg every 12 hours; with febrile neutropenia - 50 mg / kg every 8 hours. Duration of treatment as in adults. The maximum dose should not exceed the recommended dose for adults.
    In chronic renal failure, the dose is prescribed depending on the severity of the infection and the clearance of creatinine.

    Creatinine clearance (ml / min)

    Dosing regimen

    More than 60

    0.5 -1 - 2 g every 12 h

    or 2 g every 8 hours

    30-60

    0.5-1-2 g every 24 hours

    or 2 g every 12 h

    11-29

    0.5 - 0.5 -1 g every 24 hours

    or 1 g every 12 hours

    Less than 11

    0.25-0.25-0.5 g every 24h

    or 1 g every 24 hours

    Permanent outpatient

    0.5 - 1 - 2 g every 48 hours

    peritoneal dialysis

    Patients on hemodialysis on day 1 are given 1.0 g, then 0.5 g every 24 hours for all infections and 1.0 g every 24 hours for the treatment of febrile neutropenia.

    On the day of hemodialysis, the drug is administered after the end of the hemodialysis session; it is desirable to enter cefepime every day at the same time.

    Data on the use of the drug in children with concomitant chronic renal insufficiency are not available, however, given the similar pharmacokinetics in children and adults, the dosage regimen (decrease or increase in the interval between administrations) in children with chronic renal insufficiency resembles the dosing regimen in adults.

    Preparation of the solution:

    For intravenous administration, the preparation (1.0 g) is dissolved in 10 ml of a solvent. Sterile water for injection, 5% dextrose solution or 0.9% sodium chloride solution are used as the solvent. Intravenously injected for 3-5 minutes.

    For intravenous infusions, the prepared solution is combined with other solutions for intravenous infusions (5% or 10% dextrose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution, Ringer's solution with lactate and 5% dextrose solution, maximum concentration 40 mg / ml). The duration of infusion is not less than 30 min.

    For intramuscular injection, the preparation (1.0 g) is dissolved in 2.4 ml of sterile water for injection, 0.9% solution of sodium chloride, bacteriostatic water for injection with paraben or benzyl alcohol, in 0.5% or 1% lidocaine solution.

    Side effects:

    Allergic reactions: skin rash (including erythematous rashes), itching, fever, anaphylactoid reactions, eosinophilia, multiforme exudative erythema (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome).

    From the nervous system: headache, dizziness, insomnia, paresthesia, anxiety, confusion, convulsions, encephalopathy (in the absence of dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function).

    From the genitourinary system: Vaginitis.

    From the urinary system: impaired renal function.

    From the digestive system: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, pseudomembranous colitis.

    From the organs of "hematopoiesis: anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, hemolytic anemia, bleeding.

    From the respiratory system: cough, chest pain.

    From the cardiovascular system: tachycardia, dyspnea, peripheral edema.

    Laboratory indicators: decreased hematocrit, increased prothrombin time, increased urea concentration, hypercreatininaemia, hypercalcemia,increased activity of "liver" transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia, false-positive Coombs test (without hemolysis).

    Local reactions: at intravenous introduction - phlebitis, at intramuscular - a hyperemia and morbidity in a place of introduction.

    Other: pain in the throat, increased sweating, back pain, asthenia, development of superinfection, oropharyngeal candidiasis.

    Overdose:
    Symptoms (often occur in patients with chronic renal failure): convulsions, encephalopathy, neuromuscular excitation.
    Treatment: hemodialysis, maintenance therapy.
    Interaction:
    Pharmaceutically incompatible with other antimicrobial drugs and heparin.
    Diuretics, aminoglycosides, polymyxin B reduce the tubular secretion of cefepime and increase its serum concentration, prolong the half-life, increase nephrotoxicity (the risk of nephronecrosis increases). Cefepim increases the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides.
    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, slowing the excretion of cephalosporins, increase the risk of bleeding.With the simultaneous administration of bactericidal antibiotics (aminoglycosides), synergism appears with bacteriostatic (macrolides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines) - antagonism.
    Incompatible with a solution of metronidazole. To avoid possible drug interactions with other drugs, cefepime solutions (as well as most other beta-lactam antibiotics) should not be administered concomitantly with solutions of vancomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin. When prescribing cefepime with the listed drugs, each antibiotic should be administered separately.
    Special instructions:
    When using cefepime, pseudomembranous colitis may occur. Therefore, it is important to bear this diagnosis in case of diarrhea during treatment with the drug. Mild forms of colitis do not require special treatment, it is sufficient to stop the introduction of the drug; mild or severe cases may require special treatment.
    There is a possibility of cross-over hypersensitivity in patients with allergic reactions to penicillins.
    When a combination of severe renal and hepatic insufficiency should regularly determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma (dose adjustments are performed depending on the creatinine clearance).
    With prolonged treatment, regular monitoring of peripheral blood, indicators of the functional state of the liver and kidneys is necessary.
    With a mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection before identifying pathogens, a combination with drugs active against anaerobes is appropriate.
    Patients who have a meningeal dissemination from a distant foci of infection, suspicions of meningitis or a diagnosis of meningitis are confirmed, an alternative antibiotic with confirmed clinical efficacy should be prescribed.
    It is possible to detect a false positive sample of Coombs, a false positive test for glucose in the urine.
    Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:Given the potential for side effects from the nervous system, patients need to be careful when driving and other mechanisms that require increased attention.
    Form release / dosage:
    Powder for solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection, 1.0 g.


    Packaging:
    By 1.0 g of active substance (cefepime) into 10 ml vials,sealed with rubber stoppers and crimped with aluminum or combined caps.
    1 bottle together with the instruction for use is placed in a cardboard box.
    50 bottles with instructions for use in the amount of 10 pieces are placed in a cardboard box (for hospitals).
    Storage conditions:
    In a dry, the dark place at a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Shelf life:2 years. Do not use after the expiration date.
    Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription
    Registration number:LP-001406
    Date of registration:30.12.2011
    Date of cancellation:2016-12-30
    The owner of the registration certificate:Company DEKO, LLC Company DEKO, LLC Russia
    Manufacturer: & nbsp
    Information update date: & nbsp20.10.2015
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