Active substanceCefepimCefepim
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  • Dosage form: & nbspPowder for the preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection.
    Composition:

    One bottle contains:

    Active substance: cefepime hydrochloride is equivalent to cefepime base (͠ 63%) -1000 mg.

    Excipients; - L- arginine (͠ 37%) - 780 mg

    Description:
    White or white with a yellowish hue of crystalline powder.

    Pharmacotherapeutic group:Antibiotic-cephalosporin.
    ATX: & nbsp

    J.01.D.E.01   Cefepim

    Pharmacodynamics:
    Antibacterial agent from the group of cephalosporins of the IV generation. It acts bactericidal, disrupting the synthesis of the cell wall of microorganisms. Has a wide spectrum of action against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms resistant to aminoglycosides and / or cephalosporin antibiotics of the third generation. Highly resistant to hydrolysis by most beta-lactamases. Cefepim is active in vivo and in vitro for gram-positive aerobes; Staphylococcus aureus (only methicillin-susceptible strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (group A), Streptococcus group of viridians; Gram-negative aerobes: Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    In vitro is active against gram-positive aerobes: Staphylococcus epidermidis (only methicillin-susceptible strains), Staphylococcus saprophytics, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B); (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella oxytoca, Moraxella catarrhalis , Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens. Most strains of Enterococcus spp., Including Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus spp. (methicillin-resistant), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (formerly Xanthomonas maltophilia), Clostridium difficile, Bacteroides fragiiis are not sensitive to cefepime. Inferior to ceftazidime by activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
    Pharmacokinetics:
    Bioavailability of 100%. Time to reach the maximum concentration after intravenous (intravenous) and intramuscular injection (IM) administration at a dose of 500 mg - by the end of infusion and 1-2 hours, respectively. The maximum concentration at the IM injection in doses of 500 mg, 1 g and 2 g - 14, 30 and 57 μg / ml, respectively; with intravenous administration in doses of 250 mg and 500 mg, 1 g and 2 g - 18, 39, 82 and 164 μg / ml, respectively; time to reach the average therapeutic concentration in plasma - 12 h; mean therapeutic concentration with the / m introduction - 0.2 mcg / ml, with the / in - 0,7 mkg / ml.High concentrations are determined in urine, bile, peritoneal fluid, blister exudate, bronchial mucus secretion, sputum, prostate gland, appendix and gallbladder. Penetrates into breast milk. The volume of distribution is 0.25 l / kg, in children from 2 months to 16 years - 0.33 l / kg. Connection with plasma proteins - 20%.
    Metabolized in the liver and kidneys by 15%. Half-life (T1 / 2) -2 hours, total clearance - 120 ml / min, renal clearance - 110 ml / min. It is excreted by the kidneys (by glomerular filtration in unchanged form - 85%). T1 / 2 with hemodialysis -13 hours, with continuous peritoneal dialysis-19 hours.
    Indications:
    Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to cefepime:
    - Pneumonia (moderate to severe) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (including cases of association with concomitant bacteremia), Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
    - Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter spp.
    - Febrile neutropenia (empirical therapy).
    - Complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (including pyelonephritis) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis.
    - Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains only), Streptococcus pyogenes.
    - Complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.

    Prevention of infections in the conduct of cavitary surgery.
    Contraindications:
    Hypersensitivity to cefepime, as well as to other cephalosporins, penicillins, other beta-lactam antibiotics, L-arginine, children under 2 months of age (for intravenous route of administration); Children under 12 years of age (for intramuscular route of administration).
    Carefully:Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including in the anamnesis): pseudomembranous colitis, ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis or antibiotic-associated colitis, chronic renal failure.
    Pregnancy and lactation:The use of the drug in pregnancy is possible only in those cases when the intended use for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus. If you need to use the drug during lactation, you should decide whether to stop breastfeeding.
    Dosing and Administration:

    Intravenous, intramuscular (only with complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections of mild and moderate severity caused by Escherichia coli).

    Doses and the route of administration of the drug vary depending on the sensitivity of the microorganisms, the severity of the infection, and the state of kidney function in the patient.

    Pneumonia (moderate to severe), caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (including cases of association with concomitant bacteremia), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter spp.: in / in 1-2 g every 12 hours for 10 days.

    Febrile neutropenia (empirical therapy): iv 2 g every 8 hours for 7 days or until neutropenia is resolved.

    Complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections of mild to moderate severitycaused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis: in / in or / m (only for infections caused by Escherichia coli) for 0.5-1 g every 12 hours for 7-10 days.

    Severe complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections (including pyelonephritis) caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae: in / in 2 g every 12 hours for 10 days.

    Severe and severe skin and soft tissue infectionscaused by Staphylococcus aureus (only methicillin-sensitive strains), Streptococcus pyogenes: in / in 2 g every 12 hours for 10 days.

    Complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.: in / in 2 g every 12 hours for 7-10 days.

    To prevent infection during surgical interventions on the abdominal organs: 60 minutes before the start of surgery, 2 g of the drug intravenously administered for 30 minutes.At the end of the infusion, add an additional 500 mg of metronidazole intravenously. Metronidazole solutions should not be administered concomitantly with cefepime. Infusion system before the introduction of metronidazole should be washed. During long (more than 12 hours) surgical operations 12 hours after the first dose, it is recommended to re-administer 2 g of the drug intravenously for 30 minutes, followed by the administration of 500 mg of metronidazole.

    In children older than 2 months. and with a body weight of up to 40 kg, the recommended dosing regimen for all indications (excluding febrile neutropenia) is 50 mg / kg every 12 hours IV; with febrile neutropenia - 50 mg / kg every 8 hours. The maximum dose should not exceed the recommended dose for adults. Duration of treatment is 7-10 days.

    In patients with impaired renal function, the dose of the drug should be adjusted. The initial dose of cefepime should be the same as for patients with normal renal function.

    Clearance

    creatinine

    (ml / min)

    Recommended maintenance doses

    more than 60

    500 mg every 12h

    1 g every 12 h

    2 g every 12 h

    2 g every 8 hours

    30-60

    500 mg every 24 hours

    1 g every 24 h

    2 g every 24 h

    2 g every 12 h

    11-29

    500 mg every 24 hours

    500 mg every 24 hours

    1 g every 24 h

    2 g every 24 h

    less than 11

    250 mg every 24 hours

    250 mg every 24 hours

    500 mg every 24 hours

    1 g every 24 h

    Permanent ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - 0.5-1-2 g every 48 hours. Patients on hemodialysis on day 1 are given 1 g, then 0.5 g every 24 hours for all infections and 1 g every 24 hours for the treatment of febrile neutropenia . On the day of hemodialysis, the drug is administered after the end of the hemodialysis session; it is desirable to enter cefepime every day at the same time.

    Data on the use of the drug in children with concomitant chronic renal insufficiency are not available, however, given the similar pharmacokinetics in children and adults, the dosage regimen (dose reduction or increase in the interval between administrations) in children with chronic renal failure is similar to the dosing regimen in adults.

    For intravenous administration, the drug is dissolved in 10 ml (1.0 g) of sterile water for injection, 5% dextrose solution or 0.9% sodium chloride solution, injected for 3-5 minutes; for intravenous infusion, the prepared solution is combined with other solutions for intravenous infusions (0.9% sodium chloride solution, 5% or 10% dextrose solution, Ringer's solution with lactate and 5% dextrose solution, maximum concentration 40 mg / ml) and administered for not less than 30 minutes.

    For intravenous administration, the drug is dissolved in sterile water for injection, 0.9% solution of sodium chloride, bacteriostatic water for injection with paraben or benzyl alcohol, in 0.5% and 1% lidocaine hydrochloride solution (1.0 g - 2.4 ml).

    Side effects:
    Allergic reactions: skin rash (including erythematous eruptions), urticaria, pruritus, fever, anaphylactoid reactions, anaphylactic shock, eosinophilia, multiforme exudative erythema (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome ).
    From the side of the nervous system: headache, dizziness, insomnia, paresthesia, anxiety, confusion, convulsions, encephalopathy (in the absence of dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function).
    From the genitourinary system: vaginitis, genital itching.
    From the urinary system: a violation of kidney function, toxic nephropathy.
    On the part of the gastrointestinal tract: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, pseudomembranous colitis.
    On the part of the organs of hematopoiesis: anemia (including aplastic and hemolytic), thrombocytopenia, bleeding, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, bleeding.
    On the part of the respiratory system: cough, chest pain.
    From the cardiovascular system: tachycardia, dyspnea, peripheral edema.
    Local reactions: with intravenous injection - phlebitis, with intramuscular-hyperemia and soreness at the injection site.
    Laboratory indicators: a decrease in hematocrit, an increase in prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time, an increase in urea concentration, hypercreatininemia, hypercalcemia, an increase in the activity of "liver" transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia, false-positive Coombs test.
    Other: sore throat, taste change, increased sweating, back pain, asthenia, loss of consciousness, development of superinfection, candidiasis, including. oropharyngeal candidiasis.
    Overdose:
    Symptoms (often occur in patients with chronic renal failure): convulsions, encephalopathy, neuromuscular excitation.
    Treatment: hemodialysis and maintenance therapy.
    Interaction:
    Pharmaceutically, the drug is incompatible with other antimicrobial drugs and heparin.
    Diuretics, aminoglycosides, polymyxin B reduce the tubular secretion of cefepime and increase its concentration in serum, extend T1 / 2,increase nephrotoxicity (increased risk of nephronecrosis). Cefepim increases the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides.
    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, slowing the excretion of cephalosporins, increase the risk of bleeding.
    When used simultaneously with bactericidal antibiotics (aminoglycosides), synergism is manifested, with bacteriostatic (macrolides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines) - antagonism.
    Incompatible with solutions of metronidazole (before the introduction of a solution of metronidazole for the prevention of infections during surgical operations, the infusion system should be rinsed from the solution of cefepime). To avoid possible drug interactions with other drugs, cefepime solution (like most other beta-lactam antibiotics) should not be administered concomitantly with solutions of vancomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin. When using cefepime with the listed products, each antibiotic should be administered separately.
    Special instructions:When using cefepime, pseudomembranous colitis may occur. Therefore, it is important to bear this diagnosis in case of diarrhea during treatment with the drug.Light forms of colitis do not require special treatment, it is enough to stop the introduction of the drug; mild or severe cases may require special treatment (vancomycin (inside) or metronidazole). Contraindicated the use of drugs that inhibit intestinal motility.
    There is a possibility of cross-over hypersensitivity in patients with allergic reactions to penicillins.
    When an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be discarded. Serious hypersensitivity reactions of immediate type may require the use of epinephrine and other forms of maintenance treatment.
    With simultaneous severe renal and hepatic insufficiency, it is necessary to regularly determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma (dose adjustment is performed depending on the creatinine clearance).
    With prolonged treatment, regular monitoring of peripheral blood, indicators of the functional state of the liver and kidneys is necessary.
    With a mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection before identifying pathogens, a combination with drugs active against anaerobes is appropriate.
    Patients who have a meningeal dissemination from a distant foci of infection, suspicions of meningitis or a diagnosis of meningitis are confirmed, an alternative antibiotic with confirmed clinical efficacy should be prescribed.
    It is possible to detect a positive Coombs test, a false positive test for glucose in the urine.
    When using cefepime (as well as other antibiotics), it is possible to develop superinfection, which requires the withdrawal of the drug and the appointment of appropriate treatment. The color change of the solution does not affect the activity of the preparation.
    Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:
    During treatment cefepime ought to refrain from driving vehicles and performing work that requires an increased speed of psychomotor reactions.

    Form release / dosage:
    Powder for the preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration of 1000 mg.
    Packaging:
    1000 mg of preparation in a bottle of colorless glass, sealed with a stopper made of chlorobutyl rubber, crimped with an aluminum cap with a safety plastic cap. 1 bottle with instructions for use in a cardboard box.
    For hospitals: 10,25,48 or 100 bottles together with an equal number of instructions for use in a cardboard box.
    Storage conditions:In dry, dark place at a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.
    Shelf life:3 years. Do not use after the expiration date.
    Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription
    Registration number:LS-002554
    Date of registration:22.12.2011
    The owner of the registration certificate:JODAS EKSPOIM, LLC JODAS EKSPOIM, LLC Russia
    Manufacturer: & nbsp
    Representation: & nbspJodas Expoim, Open CompanyJodas Expoim, Open Company
    Information update date: & nbsp20.10.2015
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