The most frequent adverse reactions were nausea, sedation, dizziness, pain at the injection site, headache and drowsiness.
All unwanted reactions are listed with the distribution by class and frequency: very often (> 1/10), often (> 1/100, but <1/10), infrequently (> 1/1000, but <1/100) and rarely <1/1000).
The undesirable reactions listed below could also be associated with concomitant pathology and / or concomitant medications.
Disorders from food and metabolism: infrequently - anorexia.
Disorders of the psyche: infrequently - agitation, antisocial behavior, psychotic disorder, sleep disturbance, tics, anxiety, personality disorders, speech disorders.
Impaired nervous system: Often - akathisia, dizziness, dystonia, headache, sedation, drowsiness. Infrequent - muscle rigidity as a "cogwheel", postural dizziness, dysarthria, dyskinesia, dyspraxia, parkinsonism, tremor, hypertension, paresthesia, extrapyramidal syndrome.
Heart Disease: infrequently bradycardia, tachycardia.
Disturbances from the organs of hearing and balance: infrequently - vertigo.
Disorders from the vascular system: often - increased blood pressure. Infrequent - hyperemia, orthostatic hypotension. Rarely, vasodilation.
Disturbances from the respiratory system, chest and mediastinal organs: infrequently - laryngospasm, rhinitis, chest pain.
Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract: often - nausea, vomiting. Infrequent - constipation, diarrhea, dryness of the oral mucosa. Rarely - rectal bleeding, dyspepsia, dental diseases, abdominal pain.
Disturbances from the skin and subcutaneous tissue: Infrequently - a hyperhidrosis, a furunculosis.
Disturbances from the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: often - rigidity of muscles. Rarely, pain in the back.
Disorders from the kidneys and urinary tract: rarely - dysmenorrhea.
General disorders and complications at the site of administration: often - asthenia, burning at the injection site, pain at the injection site. Infrequent - the "withdrawal" syndrome, fatigue, flu-like syndrome, discomfort at the injection site, irritation at the injection site, fever.
Laboratory and instrumental data: infrequently - lowering blood pressure, increasing the activity of liver enzymes.
The most frequent cardiovascular adverse events reported in clinical studies of intramuscular administration of fixed doses of ziprasidone were dizziness (10 mg - 11%, 20 mg - 12%), tachycardia (10 mg - 4%, 20 mg - 4%), postural dizziness (10 mg - 2%, 20 mg - 2%), orthostatic hypotension (20 mg - 5%) and reduction of blood pressure (10 mg - 2%).
In pre-registration clinical studies of intramuscular administration of fixed doses of ziprasidone, an increase in blood pressure was noted in 2.2% of patients receiving the drug at a dose of 10 mg; In addition, an increase in blood pressure was registered in 2.8% of patients who received ziprasidone in a dose of 20 mg.
Post-marketing data
Immune system disorders: allergic reactions (such as allergic dermatitis, angioedema, edema of the face, urticaria).
Disorders of the psyche: mania / hypomania.
Impaired nervous system: dystonia, paralysis / paresis of the facial nerve, serotonin syndrome (when used as a monotherapy or in combination with serotonergic drugs).
Heart Disease: tachycardia, flutter / torsade de pointes (see "With caution").
Vascular disorders: postural hypotension, fainting.
Disturbances from the gastrointestinal tract: dysphagia, edema of the tongue.
Disturbances from the skin and subcutaneous tissues: rash.
Disorders from the kidneys and urinary tract: enuresis, urinary incontinence.
Violations of the genitals and breast: priapism, galactorrhea.
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome (CNS): when using antipsychotic drugs, cases of CNS, which is a rare but potentially fatal complication, have been observed. Clinical manifestations of CNS are fever (hyperpyrexia), muscle rigidity, changes in mental status and signs of instability in the autonomic nervous system (fluctuations in heart rate or changes in blood pressure, tachycardia, profuse sweating, arrhythmias).
Additional signs may include increased activity of creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis), and acute renal failure. Diagnosis of this syndrome is difficult. It is necessary to exclude cases in which a serious illness is combined (for example, pneumonia, systemic infection, etc.) and the symptoms of extrapyramidal disorders, for which therapy was not performed or was inadequate. Other conditions that should be considered in differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, drug fever, and primary pathology of the central nervous system.If a patient develops symptoms that can be attributed to signs of the NSH, or if a high body temperature suddenly appears, not accompanied by the emergence of other symptoms of the NSA, all antipsychotics should be immediately discontinued, including ziprasidone, to carry out intensive symptomatic therapy and careful monitoring of the patient's condition, to administer serious complications for which it is possible to apply specific treatment. There is no general strategy for specific pharmacological therapy of NSA. If the patient needs further antipsychotic therapy after relief of symptoms of the NSH, consideration should be given to re-starting treatment with minimal doses.
It is necessary to carefully monitor the patient's condition, since there are reports of the resumption of symptoms of the NSA.
ZNS cases were noted in the post-marketing application of Zeldoke®.
Late dyskinesia: With prolonged use of ziprasidone, as well as other antipsychotics, there is a risk of developing tardive dyskinesia and other distant extrapyramidal syndromes.
It is assumed that this syndrome is more likely to develop in patients receiving long-term therapy with ziprasidone in high doses. In addition, with increasing dose and duration of therapy, the risk of irreversibility of this syndrome increases. Nevertheless, this complication is less likely to develop after a short course of therapy with low doses of the drug. Specific treatment of this syndrome is not known, but the symptoms may disappear completely or partially with the withdrawal of ziprasidone therapy. In turn, antipsychotic therapy can suppress (or partially suppress) the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia and, thus, mask the signs of this syndrome. Given this, ziprasidone in such a way as to minimize the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia. Long-term treatment should be used in patients with a chronic disease that responds to antipsychotics and for whom there is no alternative, safer therapy. In patients with prolonged treatment, the lowest effective doses of the drug should be used in the shortest courses,which will have a therapeutic effect. Periodically, assess the need for continued treatment. When there are signs of late dyskinesia, it is advisable to reduce the dose of ziprasidone or to cancel it. However, some patients may require continued therapy, despite the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
An increase in the incidence of death on the background of the use of neuroleptics in elderly patients with dementia, combined with psychosis.
In elderly patients with psychosis caused by dementia, the risk of death is increased with the use of some neuroleptics compared with placebo. The results obtained during the research of ziprasidone do not allow to conclude that the risk of death in elderly patients with psychosis caused by dementia increases, against the background of taking the drug. Nevertheless, ziprasidone It is not recommended for treatment of this category of patients. Most deaths were caused by cardiovascular (eg, heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (eg, pneumonia) disorders. It is assumed that, like atypical antipsychotics, against the background of the use of typical antipsychotics, there may be an increase in mortality.It is not clear to what extent the increase in mortality is due to the use of atypical antipsychotics or to the particular patient.