Neuleptil® is usually well tolerated, however, in some cases, the undesirable reactions listed below may occur, the occurrence of which may, depending or not depend on the amount of the dose taken, and in the latter case be a consequence of the increased individual sensitivity of the patient.
From the central nervous system
Sedation or drowsiness, more pronounced at the beginning of the treatment and usually passing in a few days.
- Apathy, anxiety, mood changes.
- In some cases, paradoxical effects are possible: insomnia, agitation, sleep inversion, increased aggressiveness and increased psychotic symptoms.
- Extrapyramidal disorders (often occurring when using the drug in high doses):
- acute dystonia or dyskinesia (spasmodic torticollis, oculogic crises, trismus, etc.), usually occurring within 4 days after starting treatment or increasing the dose;
- Parkinsonism, which often develops in elderly patients and / or afterlong-term treatment (within weeks or months) and is partially eliminated when anticholinergic antiparkinsonics are prescribed and is manifested by the appearance of one or more of the following symptoms: tremor (very often is the only manifestation of the pairskinsonizm), rigidity, akinesia in combination with or without muscle hypertension;
- late dystonia or dyskinesia, usually (but not always) arising from long-term treatment and / or use of the drug in high doses, and capable of arising even after discontinuation of treatment (anticholinergic antiparkinsonics have no effect and may cause impairment if they occur);
- akathisia, usually observed after taking high initial doses.
- Inhibition of respiration (possibly in patients with predisposing factors to the development of respiratory depression, for example, in patients receiving other drugs that can depress respiration, in senile patients, etc.).
From the side of the autonomic nervous system
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, paresis of accommodation, urinary retention, constipation, paralytic intestinal obstruction).
From the side of the cardiovascular system
- Lowering blood pressure, usually postural hypotension (usually occurs in the elderly and patients with reduced circulating blood volume, especially at the beginning of the treatment and when using a high initial dose).
- Arrhythmias, including atrial arrhythmias, atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, including potentially fatal ventricular tachycardia type "pirouette" more probable when using high doses (see sections "Contraindications", subsection "Precautions"; ". Interaction with other drugs means ";" Special instructions ").
- ECG changes, usually minor: lengthening the interval QT, segment depression ST, appearance of a prong U and changes in the tooth T.
- In the application of neuroleptics observed cases of thromboembolic events, including pulmonary embolism (sometimes fatal) and cases of deep vein thrombosis (see. Section "Special instructions").
Endocrine and metabolic disorders (more frequent in use drug in high doses)
- Hyperprolactinemia, which can lead to amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, impotence, frigidity.
- Weight gain.
- Infringements of thermoregulation.
- Hyperglycemia, a decrease in glucose tolerance.
Skin and allergic reactions
- Allergic skin reactions, skin rash.
- Bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, angioedema, hyperthermia and other allergic reactions.
- Photosensitivity (more often when using the drug in high doses).
- Contact skin sensitization (see section "Special instructions").
Hematologic disorders
- Leukopenia (observed in 30% of patients receiving high doses of antipsychotics).
- It is extremely rare: agranulocytosis, the development of which does not depend on the dose, and which can occur either immediately or after two or three months of leukopenia.
Ophthalmic disorders
- Brownish deposits in the anterior chamber of the eye, pigmentation of the cornea and lens due to accumulation of the drug, usually not affecting the eyesight (especially when using high doses of phenothiazine derivatives for a long time).
From the liver and biliary tract
Very rarely: cholestatic jaundice and liver damage, predominantly cholestatic or mixed, requiring discontinuation of the drug.
Positive serological test for the presence of antinuclear antibodies, without clinical manifestations of lupus erythematosis.
Among patients taking antipsychotics phenothiazine series, there were isolated cases of sudden death, possibly caused by cardiac causes (see Fig.sections "Contraindications", subsection "With caution"; "Special instructions"), as well as unexplained cases of sudden death.