Interferon alfa - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

The drug is a mixture of different subtypes of alpha-interferon derived from human leukocytes. Nonspecifically increases the resistance of the body to the possible effects of viruses, stimulates the activity of macrophages and other cells participating in the immune response. Antiviral, immunomodulating, antitumor, antiproliferative means.

The antiviral effect of interferons is manifested at different stages of virus reproduction.After interacting with their receptors, interferons activate and / or induce the synthesis of many proteins (inhibitors and enzymes) that suppress the replication of viral DNA and RNA. Such IF-inducible enzymes include 2 ', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (used as a marker of biological activity of interferons), which results in the activation of endoribonucleases that destroy cellular and viral single-stranded RNA, and protein kinase P1, which phosphorylates and thus inactivates the cellular enzymes involved in the translation - the synthesis of viral proteins.

Pharmacokinetics:

When intramuscular the rate of absorption from the site of administration is uneven. Time to reach C_max in plasma is 4-8 hours. In the systemic circulation, 70% of the administered dose is distributed. Half-life - 4-12 hours (depends on the variability of absorption). It is excreted mainly by the kidneys by glomerular filtration.

Indications:

- hepatitis B and viral active hepatitis C;

- multiple myeloma;

- hairy cell leukemia;

- genital warts;

- Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS who do not have acute history of acute infections;

- prevention / treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection;

- gRiboid mycosis;

- malignant melanoma;

- renal carcinoma;

- chronic myelogenous leukemia;

- primary (essential) and secondary thrombocytosis;

- transitional form of chronic granulocytic leukemia and myelofibrosis;

- kidney cancer;

- reticulosarcoma;

- RMultiple sclerosis.

ICD-10

I.A50-A64.A63.0 Anogenital (venereal) warts

I.A80-A89.A84 Tick-borne viral encephalitis

I.B15-B19.B16 Acute hepatitis B

I.B15-B19.B17.1 Acute hepatitis C

I.B15-B19.B18.1 Chronic viral hepatitis B without delta-agent

I.B15-B19.B18.2 Chronic viral hepatitis C

I.B20-B24 Disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]

I.B20-B24.B21.0 The disease caused by HIV, with manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma

I.B35-B49.B37 Candidiasis

I.B35-B49.B37.2 Candidiasis of skin and nails

II.C15-C26.C20 Malignant neoplasm of rectum

II.C43-C44.C43 Malignant skin melanoma

II.C43-C44.C44 Other malignant neoplasms of the skin

II.C51-C58.C57.9 Malignant neoplasm of female genital organs, unspecified

II.C64-C68.C64 Malignant neoplasm of kidney, except for renal pelvis

II.C81-C96.C82 Follicular [nodular] non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

II.C81-C96.C83 Diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

II.C81-C96.C84.0 Mushroom mycosis

II.C81-C96.C90.0 Multiple myeloma

II.C81-C96.C91.4 Hairy cell leukemia (Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis)

II.C81-C96.C92.1 Chronic myeloid leukemia

III.D80-D89.D84.9 Immunodeficiency, unspecified

VI.G35-G37.G35 Multiple sclerosis

X.J00-J06.J06.9 Acute upper respiratory tract infection, unspecified

X.J10-J18.J10 Influenza caused by an identified influenza virus

XI.K70-K77.K73 Chronic hepatitis, not elsewhere classified

XIV.N70-N77.N71 Inflammatory diseases of the uterus, except the cervix

XIV.N80-N98.N80 Endometriosis

XXI.Z20-Z29.Z29.1 Prophylactic immunotherapy

XXI.Z40-Z54.Z54 Condition of recovery

Contraindications:

- hypersensitivity;

- impaired liver and kidney function;

- severe organic heart disease;

- autoimmune hepatitis;

- Thyroid gland diseases;

- epilepsy / dysfunction of the central nervous system;

- chronic hepatitis with symptoms of liver failure;

- chronic hepatitis with previous therapy with immunosuppressants.

Carefully:

- myocardial infarction;

- impaired blood clotting;

- myelodepression;

- simultaneous use of sleeping pills, opioid analgesics, sedatives.

Pregnancy and lactation:

Apply only when the potential benefit to the mother exceeds the potential harm to the fetus / child.

If it is necessary to use a lactating mother during breastfeeding, the question of stopping breastfeeding should be resolved.

Patients of reproductive age during therapy should use reliable methods of contraception.

Dosing and Administration:

The dose and frequency of application is determined depending on the severity of the disease and the way the drug is administered individually. The drug is administered intramuscularly, intranasally or subcutaneously. The average dose is 3 million IU per day.

Volosatokletochny leukemia: the initial dose - 3 million IU per day for 16-24 weeks, supporting treatment - 3 million IU 3 times a week. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 1-3 days - 3 million IU per day, 4-6 days - 9 million IU per day, 7-84 days - 18 million IU per day; supportive treatment - the maximum tolerated dose (no more than 18 million IU) 3 times a week. Kaposi's Sarcoma against AIDS: an initial dose of 3 million IU per day in the first 3 days, 4-6 days - 9 million IU day, 7-9 days - 18 million IU per day, with tolerability, the dose is increased to 36 million IU within 10-84 days; supportive treatment - the maximum tolerated dose (but not more than 36 million IU) 3 times a week. Renal cell carcinoma: 36 million IU per day with monotherapy or 18 million IU 3 times a week in combination with vinblastine. The dose is increased gradually, according to the scheme, starting from 3 million IU within 84 days. Melanoma - 18 million IU 3 times a week for 8-12 weeks. Chronic myelogenous leukemia and thrombocytosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia: 1-3 days - 3 million IU day, 4-6 days - 6 million IU per day, 7-84 days - 9 million IU per day, the course - 8-12 weeks. Thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative diseases, except chronic myelogenous leukemia: 1-3 days - 3 million IU a day, 4-30 days - 6 million IU per day. Chronic active hepatitis B - 4.5 million IU 3 times a week for 6 months. Chronic hepatitis C: initial dose - 6 million IU 3 times a week for 3 months; maintenance dose - 3 million IU 3 times a week for another 3 months. In primary and secondary thrombocytosis, at the beginning of treatment, 2 million IU a day 5 days a week for 4-5 weeks. If the number of platelets after 2 weeks will not decrease, the dose is increased to 3 million IU a day, in the absence of effect at the end of the third week, the dose is increased to 6 million IU in a day. With the initial thrombocytopenia (less than 15 G / L), the initial dose is 0.5 million IU. In the transition phase of chronic granulocyte leukemia and myelofibrosis, 1-3 million IU per day according to the scheme, with multiple myeloma - 1 million IU a day in combination with cytostatics and corticosteroids for at least 2 months.

Intranasally - for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection.

Side effects:

From the nervous system: ataxia, impaired consciousness, drowsiness.

From the cardiovascular system: arrhythmia, arterial hypotension.

From the skin: dry skin, alopecia, rash, erythema.

From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired liver function.

Other: influenza-like symptoms, granulocytopenia, weakness.

Overdose:

Not described.

Interaction:

The drug may interfere with the metabolism of drugs that are biotransforming in the liver.

Zidovudine - an increase in myelotoxic action.

Drugs with a hematotoxic effect - an increase in the hematotoxic effect.

Theophylline is a decrease in the clearance of theophylline.

Paracetamol is an increase in the activity of liver enzymes.

With simultaneous use with ACE inhibitors, synergism with regard to hematotoxic action is possible.

Special instructions:

Combinations with drugs acting on CNS, immunosuppressive drugs. Throughout the course, it is necessary to control the content of blood elements and the function of the liver.To mitigate side effects (influenza-like symptoms), simultaneous administration of paracetamol is recommended.

Impact on the ability to manage motor transport and other technical devices

Does not affect the ability to drive vehicles and machinery.

Instructions

Interferon alfa (Interferonum alpha)