Included in the formulation
Pharmacodynamics:Means for inhalation anesthesia, used in relation to oxygen by volume (60:40, 70:30, 80:20). Minimal alveolar concentration for xenon 71%, dinitrogen oxide - 105%. After 2 minutes from the moment of inhalation, the stage of peripheral paresthesia and hypoalgesia occurs, at the 3rd minute - the stage of psychomotor activity, at the 4th minute - the stage of partial amnesia and analgesia, at the 5th minute - the stage of anesthesia corresponding to the first level of the surgical stage of anesthesia ether diethyl (according to Gidel). The parameters of hemodynamics and gas exchange during anesthesia are stable, spontaneous breathing is preserved. The exit from general anesthesia is fast. 2-3 minutes after the end of the supply of xenon, consciousness returns with complete orientation in space and time. Analgesia comes from the inhalation of 30-40% of the mixture with oxygen. Consciousness is lost with inhalation of 65-70% of the mixture with oxygen.
Pharmacokinetics:When inhaled, it is easily absorbed, the alveolar and arterial concentrations quickly equalize. It is discharged through the lungs in unchanged form after 4-5 minutes (after 2 minutes the residual alveolar concentration is 5%, after 5 minutes 2%).In the next 4 hours there is a gradual elimination from the body.
Indications:Mask inhalation common monoanesthesia and combined endotracheal in surgical manipulations that do not require deep anesthesia and muscle relaxation (in surgery, operative gynecology, dentistry, painful manipulations, for pain anesthesia).
Strengthening the narcotic and analgesic effects of general anesthetics at pain syndrome (myocardial infarction, acute coronary insufficiency, acute pancreatitis and prevention of traumatic shock).
XVIII.R50-R69.R52.9 Pain, unspecified
XIX.T80-T88.T88.9 Complication of surgical and therapeutic intervention, unspecified
Contraindications:Diseases accompanied by hypoxia, surgical manipulations on the chest, individual intolerance.
Carefully:Chronic alcoholism, diseases of the nervous system.
Pregnancy and lactation:There are reports of pregnancy use. It should be refrained from breast-feeding while using the drug.
Dosing and Administration:Inhalation in the form of xenon-oxygen mixtures; the maximum concentration of xenon is 80%.The respiratory gas mixture is formed in the anesthesia apparatus. Depending on the nature of the operation or manipulation, a preset concentration of xenon and oxygen is established, under the control of rotameters and an oxygen analyzer installed on the inspiratory and exhalation channels. With masked monocomponent general anesthesia, it is necessary to achieve complete tightness in the system of the respiratory circuit, and upon reaching the surgical stage, use a laryngeal mask. In the endotracheal variant, anesthesia is administered in combination with barbiturates or other drugs for intravenous general anesthesia (ketamine + diazepam, propofol), after which the muscle relaxant is injected and intubation is performed. After the transfer to the artificial ventilation of the lungs, a five-minute denitrogenation with 100% oxygen at a gas flow of 10 liters per minute and a minute breathing volume of 8-10 liters per minute is performed on a semi-open contour. After denitrogenation, a gas mixture of xenon and oxygen is set up under the control of the gas analyzer and rotameters. At the end of the general anesthesia, the supply of xenon is stopped and the patient's lungs are ventilated for 4-5 minutes with an oxygen-air mixture for reliable elimination of xenon, using auxiliary ventilation.Extubation is performed at the appearance of the first signs of consciousness, provided that the spontaneous respiration is completely restored.
In anesthesia of routine surgical interventions xenon surpasses dinitrogen oxide (in the case of fentanyl (0.05 vs. 0.24 mg, but does not reduce the need for narcotic analgesics for extensive orthopedic interventions) and the frequency of changes in blood pressure, provides (at a volume fraction of 60%) compared to the mixtures of dinitrogen oxide (60%) and isoflurane (0.5%) and dinitrogen oxide (60%) and sevoflurane (0.7%), the time to open the eyes by the command 3.4 ± 0.9 min (vs. 6.0 ± 1.7 min and 7, 0 ± 1.9 min), time to extubation 3.6 ± 1.0 min, time to correct naming, date of birth and clinic name 5.2 ± 1.4 min and time to the correct score and from 10 to 1 for less than 15 s for 6.0 ± 1.6 min (vs. 10.5 ± 2.5 min and 14.3 ± 2.8 min), and faster induction of anesthesia compared to sevoflurane (71 ± 21 versus 147 ± 59 s).
Side effects:Osiplost, "metallic" taste in the mouth, hypoxia.
Overdose:In case of an overdose, hypoxia is observed. For treatment, oxygen therapy is prescribed, artificial ventilation.
Interaction:With simultaneous use increases the effect of funds for inhalation anesthesia, narcotic analgesics, antipsychotic and antihistamines, tranquilizers.
Special instructions:With masked monocomponent general anesthesia, while preserving spontaneous breathing, the optimal variant of premedication is the use of tranquilizers.