XeMed (XeMed)

• Inhalation, in the form of oxygen-xenon mixtures. The minimum alveolar concentration of xenon is 71% by volume, the oxygen content in the inhaled mixture should be at least 20% by volume. The respiratory gas mixture is formed in the anesthesia apparatus or in another device specially designed for this purpose.
• In adults, before the xenon inhalation procedure is started, it is recommended that a 5-minute denitrogenation be carried out with 100% oxygen in a semi-open loop with a gas flow of 10 l / min while the patient remains self-breathing. After denitrogenation under the control of the gas analyzer, depending on the nature of the manipulation, the required ratio of the concentrations of xenon and oxygen is established.
• In children aged 1 to 5 years, induction is recommended by inhalation sevoflurane, through the face mask on a semi-closed contour, with a gas stream of 4-6-8 l / min (depending on the child's age) 100% oxygen.
• In children older than 5 years, intravenous induction is recommended by the hypnotist of ultrashort action (propofol) with pre-oxygenation of 100% oxygen. Before intubation or the laryngeal mask is inserted intravenously fentanyl in a dose of 3-4 mcg / kg and a muscular relaxant with an esmeron of 0.6 mg / kg, followed by a transfer of the child to the ventilator. In children, denitrogenation is carried out with 100% oxygen gas flow from 4 to 8 l / min, depending on the child's age, at least half an open circuit for at least 5 minutes under the control of the gas analyzer to InO₂ : EtO₂ = 98-100% : 94%.
• To stop the pain syndrome, the volume content of xenon in the inhaled mixture is maintained in a volume fraction of 30-40%. The duration of inhalation depends on the severity of the pain syndrome and is usually 5 to 15 minutes.
• For anesthesia of surgical and painful manipulations that do not require disconnection of consciousness - inhalation with an oxygen-xenon mixture with xenon content of 40-50% vol.
• To conduct a deep general anesthesia or quickly reach the required depth of general anesthesia (anesthesia) xenon concentration is 70-80%, maintenance of general anesthesia is 50-70% vol. The method of monoanesthesia with xenon is that after premedication and 3-5 minutes of denitrogenation, the organism is rapidly saturated with xenon with a high flux (1.5 times the vital capacity of the lungs) for 1.5 min under the oxygen analyzer control. Upon reaching the surgical stage, a laryngeal or facial mask is used and anesthesia is maintained with a minimum gas flow xenon: oxygen (70:30). According to this method of the mask version, the surgical stage of anesthesia occurs 3-4 minutes. To maintain anesthesia, the supply of xenon ranges from 100 to 150 ml / min. Exhaled xenon should not get into the atmosphere of the operating room, and through the depressurization valve is sent to a special adsorber that adsorbs xenon in a volume of up to 300 liters of waste gas. The adsorber filled with an exhaled xenon is replaced by a new one. Introduction to anesthesia can also be carried out by a more simplified procedure, which is used in the anesthesia of dinitrogen oxide.In this case, after denitrogenation for 4-5 minutes, a mixture (xenon: oxygen) is fed in a ratio of 4: 1. At the same time, the saturation phase is somewhat prolonged and the surgical stage of anesthesia occurs in the 6th to 7th minute with a slightly higher consumption of xenon. This technique also requires an adsorption unit to utilize the used xenon.

Xenon is used in masculine and endotracheal variants as mononarcosis, and / or in combined general anesthesia, in combination with various intravenous sedatives, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, neuroleptics, tranquilizers.

At the end of the xenon feed, oxygen should be continued for 4-5 minutes (to avoid diffusion hypoxia).