Stable ischemic heart disease When the episode of unstable angina develops (significant or not) during the first month of therapyThe Stoppress drug should evaluate the benefit / risk ratio for therapy with this drug.
Arterial hypotension
ACE inhibitors can cause a sharp decrease in blood pressure. In patients with uncomplicated arterial hypertension, symptomatic arterial hypotension rarely occurs after taking the first dose of Stoppress. The risk of excessive reduction in blood pressure is increased in patients with reduced BCC in the presence of diuretic therapy, with a strict salt-free diet, hemodialysis, as well as with diarrhea or vomiting, or with severe renin-dependent hypertension. The expressed arterial hypotension is observed in patients with severe CHF, both in the presence of concomitant renal failure, and in its absence. The most common arterial hypotension can develop in patients with more severe CHF, taking "loop" diuretics in high doses, as well as against hyponatremia or kidney failure. These patients are recommended careful medical supervision at the beginning of therapy and when titrating doses of the drug. The same applies to patients with IHD or cerebrovascular disease, in whom excessive reduction of blood pressure can lead to myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular complications.
In case of development of arterial hypotension, it is necessary to give the patient a horizontal position with raised legs, and if necessary, administer sodium chloride solution (0.9%) to increase the BCC. Transient arterial hypotension is not a contraindication for further therapy. After the recovery of bcc and blood pressure, treatment can be continued provided that the dose of Stoppress is carefully selected.
In some patients with CHF and normal or low blood pressure during therapy with CGAPPress, an additional decrease in blood pressure may occur. This effect is expected and usually is not a basis for drug discontinuation. If arterial hypotension is accompanied by clinical manifestations, a dose reduction or stopping of the Stoppress drug may be required.
Stenosis of the aortic or mitral valve / hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
ACE inhibitors, incl. and Stoppress, should be used with caution in patients with mitral valve stenosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (aortic valve stenosis and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy).
Impaired renal function
In patients with renal insufficiency (CC less than 60 ml / min), the initial dose of the Stopress drug should be selected according to the QC (see the "Method of administration and dose" section) and then, depending on the therapeutic response to the therapy. For such patients, regular monitoring of serum potassium and serum creatinine is necessary.
In patients with symptomatic heart failure, arterial hypotension, which develops during the initial period of therapy with ACE inhibitors, can lead to impaired renal function. In these patients, sometimes there were cases of acute renal failure, usually reversible.
In some patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the renal artery to a solitary kidney (especially in the presence of renal failure) during therapy with ACE inhibitors was an increase in serum concentrations of urea and creatinine, reversible after discontinuation of therapy. Patients with renovascular hypertension during therapy with ACE inhibitors are at increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency.Treatment of such patients should start under close medical supervision with low doses and with further adequate dose selection. During the first weeks of therapy with Stoppress, it is necessary to cancel diuretics and regularly monitor the kidney function.
In some patients with arterial hypertension, in the presence of previously unidentified renal failure, especially with concomitant diuretic therapy, there was a slight and temporary increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine in the serum. In this case, it is recommended to reduce the dose of Stoppress and / or to cancel the diuretic.
Patients on hemodialysis
In patients on dialysis using high-flow membranes (for example, AN 69), and concurrently taking ACE inhibitors, several cases of persistent, life-threatening anaphylactic reactions were noted. If you need hemodialysis, you need to use a different type of membrane. Kidney transplantation
The experience of using the drug Stoppress in patients with recently transferred kidney transplantation is absent.
Increased sensitivity / angioedema
Rarely, in patients taking ACE inhibitors, incl. perindopril, developed angioedema, swelling of the face, limbs, lips, tongue, glottis and / or larynx. This condition can develop at any time of treatment. With the development of angioedema, treatment should immediately be discontinued, the patient should be under medical supervision until the symptoms disappear completely. Angioedema of the lips and face usually does not require treatment; To reduce the severity of symptoms, you can use antihistamines.
Angioedema, swelling of the tongue, glottis or larynx can lead to death. With the development of angioedema, immediately subcutaneously epinephrine (epinephrine) and ensure airway patency.
ACE inhibitors often cause angioedema in patients of the Negroid race. Patients with a history of anginaevrotic edema not associated with the use of ACE inhibitors may be at high risk of developing angioedema when taking an ACE inhibitor.
Anaphylactoid reactions during the procedure of apheresis of low-density lipoproteins (LDL-apheresis)
In patients with the appointment of ACE inhibitors on the background of the procedure LDL-apheresis through dextran sulfate, in rare cases, the development of an anaphylactic reaction is possible. It is recommended that the ACE inhibitor be temporarily withdrawn before each procedure for LDL apheresis.
Anaphylactic reactions during desensitization
In patients receiving ACE inhibitors during the course of desensitization (for example, the venom of Hymenoptera), in very rare cases development of life threatening anaphylactic reactions is possible. It is recommended that the ACE inhibitor be temporarily withdrawn before each desensitization procedure begins.
Liver failure
During therapy with ACE inhibitors, it is sometimes possible to develop a syndrome that starts with cholestatic jaundice and then progresses to fulminant liver necrosis, sometimes with a fatal outcome. The mechanism of development of this syndrome is unclear. If there is jaundice during the use of an ACE inhibitor or an increase in the activity of "hepatic" enzymes, the ACE inhibitor should be immediately discontinued,and the patient must be carefully monitored. It is also necessary to conduct an appropriate examination.
Neutropenia / agranulocytosis / thrombocytopenia / anemia
In patients on the background of therapy with ACE inhibitors, cases of development of neutropenia / agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia and anemia were noted. With normal kidney function, in the absence of other complications, neutropenia develops rarely. The drug Stoppress should be used with extreme caution in patients with systemic connective tissue diseases (eg, SLE, scleroderma), simultaneously receiving immunosuppressive therapy, allopurinol or procainamide, as well as when combining all of these factors, especially if there is an existing impairment of kidney function. Such patients may develop severe infections that do not respond to intensive antibiotic therapy. When carrying out therapy with Stoppress in patients with the above factors it is recommended to periodically monitor the amount of white blood cells in the blood and warn the patient about the need to inform the doctor about the appearance of any symptoms of infection.
Negroid race
The risk of angioedema development in patients of the Negroid race is higher. Like other ACE inhibitors, the Stoppress drug is less effective in reducing blood pressure in patients of the Negroid race, possibly because of the higher prevalence of low-grade conditions in the population of this group of patients with hypertension.
Cough
Against the background of therapy with ACE inhibitors, a persistent, unproductive cough may develop which stops after the drug is discontinued. This should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of cough.
Surgery / general anesthesia
In patients whose condition requires extensive surgical intervention or general anesthesia with drugs that cause arterial hypotension, ACE inhibitors, including the Stoppress drug, can block the formation of angiotensin II with compensatory release of renin. The day before the surgery, therapy with ACE inhibitors should be canceled. If the ACE inhibitor can not be canceled, then the arterial hypotension, which develops according to the mechanism described, can be corrected by an increase in BCC.
Hyperkalemia
Against the background of therapy with ACE inhibitors, including perindopril, in some patients the potassium content in the blood can increase. The risk of hyperkalemia is elevated in patients with renal and / or heart failure, decompensated diabetes mellitus, and in patients using potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium preparations or other drugs that cause hyperkalemia (eg, heparin). If it is necessary to simultaneously prescribe these drugs, it is recommended to regularly monitor the potassium content in the blood serum.
Diabetes
In patients with diabetes who take hypoglycemic agents for ingestion or insulin, in the first few months of therapy with ACE inhibitors, the concentration of glucose in the blood should be carefully monitored.
Lithium
It is not recommended to take joint medications with lithium and Stoppress. Potassium-sparing diuretics, preparations containing potassium, potassium-containing foods and nutritional supplements
It is not recommended to use together with ACE inhibitors.