The incidence of adverse events listed below was determined according to the following gradation: very often (> 1/10); often (> 1/100, <1/10); infrequently (> 1/1000, <1/100); rarely (> 1/10000, <1/1000); very rarely (<1/10000), including individual messages; the frequency is unknown (it is not possible to determine the frequency of occurrence according to the available data).
Disturbances from the nervous system
Often
Paresthesia, hypoesthesia; headache, mainly due to the presence of epinephrine in the formulation.
Infrequently
Dizziness.
Frequency unknown
Dose-dependent reactions from the central nervous system: agitation, nervousness, stupor, sometimes progressing to loss of consciousness, coma, respiratory disorders, sometimes progressing to a stop in breathing, muscle tremor, muscle twitching, sometimes progressing to generalized seizures.
Sometimes, if the correct technique of injection is violated with the introduction of a local anesthetic in dental practice, damage to the facial nerve is possible, which can lead to paralysis of the facial nerve.
Disturbances on the part of the organ of sight
Frequency unknown
Visual disorders (blurred vision, mydriasis, blindness, double vision), usually reversible and occurring during or shortly after injection of a local anesthetic.
Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract
Often
Nausea, vomiting.
Violations from the heart and blood vessels
Infrequently
Due to the content of epinephrine in the formulation, it is very rare to develop tachycardia, heart rhythm disturbances, increase blood pressure.
Frequency unknown
Reduced blood pressure, bradycardia, heart failure and shock.
Immune system disorders
Frequency unknown
Allergic and allergic reactions can develop. At the injection site, they can manifest as swelling or inflammation of the mucous membrane. Manifestations not associated with the place of administration may include skin flushing, itching, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and angioedema. Angioedema may be manifested by swelling of the upper and / or lower lip, cheeks, edema of the vocal cords with a sensation of "lump in the throat" and difficulty swallowing, hives and difficulty breathing.Any of these manifestations can progress to anaphylactic shock.
General disorders and disorders at the site of administration
Frequency unknown
In some cases, with occasional intravascular injection, ischemic zones may occur at the site of administration, up to tissue necrosis.
Children
In the studies conducted, the safety profile in children and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years was comparable to that in adult patients. However, due to prolonged anesthesia of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, soft tissue damage was more frequent in children (in 16% of children), especially in the age of 3-7 beds. In a retrospective study in 211 children aged 1 to 4 years, dental interventions performed using 4.2 ml of 4% articaine and 0.01 mg / ml epinephrine did not cause adverse reactions.