Based on the analysis of pooled placebo-controlled clinical trials, dyskinesia, headache, nausea and diplopia were the most frequent adverse reactions in the treatment of lacosamides. As a rule, they were mild or moderate. The severity of some adverse reactions depended on the dose and decreased after its reduction. The frequency and severity of adverse reactions from the central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal tract usually decreased with time. The most frequent undesirable reaction leading to the abolition of lacosamide therapy was dizziness. The percentage of adverse reactions from the central nervous system, such as dizziness, may be higher after applying a saturating dose.
Adverse reactions are classified according to frequency according to the following categories: very often (≥1/10); often (from ≥1/100 to <1/10); infrequently ≥1 / 1000 to <1/100), the frequency is unknown. The frequency of the following adverse reactions is indicated in accordance with the data obtained during clinical trials and in post-marketing practice.
On the part of the blood and lymphatic system
The frequency is unknown: agranulocytosis.
From the immune system
Infrequent: hypersensitivity reactions.
The frequency is unknown: hypersensitivity reactions with damage to various organs and systems (including drug response with eosinophilia and systemic manifestations, DRESS).
Disorders of the psyche:
Often: depression, confusion, insomnia.
Infrequently: aggression, excitement, euphoria, mental disorders, suicidal attempts, suicidal thoughts, hallucinations.
From the central nervous system
Very often: dizziness, headache.
Often: imbalance, impaired coordination of movements, memory impairment, cognitive impairment, drowsiness, tremor, nystagmus, hypesthesia, dysarthria, attention disorder, paresthesia.
From the side of the organ of vision
Very often: diplopia.
Often: blurred vision.
From the side of the hearing and vestibular organs
Often: vertigo, noise in the ears.
From the heart
Infrequently: atrioventricular block, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation and flutter.
From the gastrointestinal tract
Very often: nausea.
Often: vomiting, constipation, flatulence, indigestion, dry mouth, diarrhea.
From the liver and biliary tract
Infrequent: changes in hepatic samples.
From the skin and subcutaneous fat
Often: itching, rash.
Infrequently: angioedema, hives.
The frequency is unknown: toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
From the musculoskeletal and connective tissue
Often: muscle spasms.
General disorders and disorders at the site of administration
Often: a violation of gait, asthenia, fatigue, irritability, a sense of intoxication.
Trauma, intoxication and complications of manipulation
Often: falls, skin lesions / increased risk of injury (due to impaired coordination of movements and dizziness), bruises.
Description of Selected Adverse Reactions
The use of lacosamide is associated with dose-dependent lengthening of the interval PR. There may be side effects associated with lengthening the interval PR (for example, atrioventricular blockade, syncope, bradycardia).
In clinical studies in patients with epilepsy, the percentage of episodes of grade I atrioventricular blockade was low (0.7%, 0%, 0.5%, and 0% with lacosamide at 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg and placebo, respectively. Atrioventricular blockade of II degree and higher in these studies was not observed. Nevertheless, in postmarketing practice, cases of the emergence of atrioventricular blockade of II and III degree in the treatment with lacosamide were reported. In clinical studies, syncope was infrequent and the incidence of episodes did not differ in epileptic patients who received lacosamide (0.1%) and those receiving placebo (0.3%).
Atrial fibrillation and flutter was not observed in short-term clinical studies; however, both phenomena were noted in open epilepsy studies, as well as in post-marketing practice.
Deviations of laboratory indicators
In controlled trials, there was a change in hepatic samples in adult patients with partial convulsive attacks with 1 to 3 antiepileptic drugs at a time.A 3-fold increase in ALT was observed in 0.7% (7/935) patients taking Wimpat ® and 0% (0/356) taking placebo.
Hypersensitivity reactions with damage to various organs and systems
Hypersensitivity reactions were noted with damage to various organs and
systems (including drug response with eosinophilia and systemic manifestations, DRESS) in patients who received some antiepileptic drugs. These reactions are different in manifestation, but are most often manifested in the form of heat and rash and may affect other systems. If there is a suspicion of a hypersensitivity reaction with the damage of various organs and systems, then the use of lacosamide should be discontinued.