Patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy
Since the study of the drug Belsomra in patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy was not performed, treatment of this group of patients with the drug is not recommended.
Action on the central nervous system (CNS)
Belsomr's drug is an agent that depresses the central nervous system, and can disrupt wakefulness during the day, even if the prescribed mode of administration is observed. The doctor prescribing treatment with the drug should control the appearance of drowsiness and symptoms of CNS depression in the patient.
Taking Belsomra's drug may adversely affect the ability to drive vehicles and can increase the risk of falling asleep during vehicle management. After taking Belsomr's drug, patients should avoid hazardous activities such as driving or other dangerous mechanisms. In addition, the patient should be warned about a possible deterioration in performance the next day after taking the drug.
The patient should be warned about refraining from drinking alcohol concomitantly with Belsomr's drug due to increased CNS depression (see section "Interaction with Other Drugs").
Simultaneous use of the drug Belsomr with other means, depressing the central nervous system (eg, benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants), increases the risk of CNS depression.
The risk of emergence of the next day's impairment, including impairment of the ability to drive vehicles, is increased if, from the time of taking Belsomr's drug before awakening, there is time insufficient for proper sleep, and also when taking a dose exceeding the recommended dose,while taking the drug with other drugs that depress the central nervous system (for example, benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants), or while taking the drug with drugs that increase the concentration of the drug Belsomr in the blood.
The use of Belsomr along with other medications used to treat insomnia is not recommended.
Patients with concomitant diseases
Since sleep disorders can be a manifestation of physical and / or mental disorders, the treatment of insomnia should begin only after a thorough examination of the patient.
Ineffective therapy for 7-10 days may indicate the presence of primary psychiatric and / or other diseases requiring diagnosis.
An increase in insomnia or the appearance of new cognitive or behavioral disorders can be the result not of insomnia, but not of a diagnosed underlying mental or physical disorder, and may manifest itself during a course of treatment with sleeping pills such as Belsomra.
Patients with pathological thinking and behavioral disorders
Various cognitive and behavioral disorders (eg, amnesia, anxiety, hallucinations and other psychoneurological symptoms) associated with the use of drugs with hypnotics like Belsomr's preparation have been reported. There have been reports of episodes of unconscious complex behavior, such as "driving in a dream" (ie driving in a state of incomplete awakening after taking a hypnotic) or other episodes of unconscious complex behavior (somnambulism, cooking and eating in a dream), Amnesia events associated with the use of drugs with hypnotics. These reactions can occur both in patients who have not previously taken drugs with hypnotics, and in patients who have previously taken such drugs. The use of alcohol and other drugs that depress the central nervous system can increase the risk of such behavior. It is necessary to stop using Belsomra in patients who report cases of unconscious complex episodes (see "Interaction with other drugs").
Patients with depression / suicidal thinking
Reported worsening of the course of depression, including the development of suicidal thoughts and actions (including completed suicides) in patients with primary depression, taking drugs with hypnotics. When any new behavioral signs or symptoms of depression appear, a thorough and immediate assessment of the patient's condition is required.
Patients with respiratory failure
The effect of the Belsomr drug on respiratory function should be considered when administering the drug to patients with impaired breathing function. Care should be taken when prescribing Belsomr's drug to patients with impaired breathing.
Obstructive sleep apnea
The inhibitory effect of the Belsomr drug on respiratory function was studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with two periods in patientsn = 26) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) of mild and moderate severity after one and after four consecutive nights of drug treatment. When taking the drug at a dose of 40 mg once a day, the average value of the apnea-hypopnea index with the difference in treatment methods (suvorecant - placebo) for the 4th day of treatment was 2.7 (90% CI: 0.22 to 5.09). Clinically significant effect of the drug Belsomr on respiratory function in patients with OSA can not be ruled out. The study of the drug Belsomra in patients with OSA severe degree was not conducted.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The inhibitory effect of the Belsomr drug on respiratory function was studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with two periods in patientsn = 25) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of mild and moderate severity after one and after four consecutive nights of drug treatment. The drug Belsomra (in young patients at a dose of 40 mg, in elderly patients at a dose of 30 mg) did not exert a depressant effect on respiratory function in patients with COPD of mild and moderate severity (determined by oxygen saturation). Clinically significant effect of Belsomr's drug on respiratory function in patients with COPD can not be excluded. A study of the Belsomr drug in severe COPD patients was not conducted.
Strong inhibitors of the isoenzyme CYP3A
Simultaneous use of Belsomr's preparation with strong inhibitors of isoenzyme CYP3A not recommended (see the sections "Contraindications" and "Interaction with other medicines").
Patients with impaired hepatic function
The pharmacokinetic parameters of suvorexant were similar in patients with a violation of liver function of moderate severity and in healthy volunteers. Correction of the dose in patients with impaired liver function of mild and moderate severity is not required. The study of the drug Belsomra in patients with impaired hepatic function was not carried out, therefore, the use of the drug in this group of patients is not recommended (see the section "Contraindications").
Patients with impaired renal function
The pharmacokinetic parameters of suvorexant were similar in patients with a violation of the function of the kidneys of a serious degree and in healthy volunteers. Correction of the dose in patients with impaired renal function is not required.
Children
Studies to study the safety and efficacy of using Belsomr in children have not been carried out, therefore, treatment with a drug for children under 18 years is not recommended (see "Contraindications").
Elderly patients
In clinical studies examining the safety and efficacy of the Phase III preparation of Belsomr (n= 1784), 829 patients aged 65 years and over and 159 patients aged 75 years and older participated. Clinically significant differences in the safety or efficacy of the drug were not observed in the group of patients of the indicated age and in the group of younger patients when taking the drug at the recommended doses. However, the sensitivity of some elderly patients can not be ruled out (see the section "Dosing and Administration").
Abuse
In a study of potential abuse in a group of recreational consumers of combinations of psychoactive substances (n = 36), suvsxang (in doses of 40, 80 and 150 mg) showed a similar effect to zolpidem (in doses of 15, 30 mg) on the subjective assessment of "drug addiction".
As with other drugs with hypnotics, due to the risk of misuse or abuse, care should be taken when prescribing Belsomr's drug to patients with a history of addiction or abuse of medicines (or narcotic drugs) or alcohol.
Addiction
In completed clinical trials of Belsomr's drug, no symptoms of physical dependence were observed with prolonged use of the drug. In addition, there were no signs of withdrawal syndrome after discontinuation of Belsomr's drug.