Usually Dexamed® is well tolerated. It has a low mineralocorticoid activity, i.e. its effect on water-electrolyte exchange is small. As a rule, low and medium doses of Dexamed® do not cause delays in sodium and water in the body, increased excretion of potassium.
The following side effects are described:
From the endocrine system: depression of glucose tolerance, steroid diabetes mellitus or manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, oppression of the adrenal gland function, Itenko-Cushing syndrome (lunar face, obesity of the pituitary type, hirsutism, increased blood pressure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, muscle weakness, striae), delay in sexual development in children.
From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, steroid ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, erosive esophagitis, bleeding and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, increased or decreased appetite, digestive disorders, flatulence, hiccups. In rare cases - increased activity of "liver" transaminases and alkaline phosphatase
From the cardiovascular system: arrhythmias, bradycardia (up to cardiac arrest); development (in predisposed patients) or increased heart failure, ECG changes characteristic of hypokalemia, increased blood pressure, hypercoagulation, thrombosis. In patients with acute and subacute myocardial infarction - the spread of the focus of necrosis, slowing the formation of scar tissue, which can lead to rupture of the heart muscle.
From the nervous system: delirium, disorientation, euphoria, hallucinations, manic-depressive psychosis, depression, paranoia, increased intracranial pressure, nervousness or anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, pseudotumor, cerebral palsy, headache, convulsions.
From the sense organs: sudden loss of vision (with parenteral administration in the head, neck,turbinate, the scalp may be deposited drug crystals in the blood vessels of the eye), posterior subcapsular cataracts, increased intraocular pressure with possible damage to the optic nerve, the propensity to develop secondary bacterial, fungal or viral infections of the eyes, corneal trophic changes, exophthalmos.
From the side of metabolism: increased calcium excretion, hypocalcemia, weight gain, negative nitrogen balance (increased protein breakdown), increased sweating.
Due to mineralocorticoid activity - fluid retention and sodium (peripheral edema), hypernatremia, hypokalemic syndrome (hypokalemia, arrhythmia, myalgia or muscle spasm, unusual weakness and fatigue).
From the musculoskeletal system: slowing growth and ossification processes in children (premature closure of epiphyseal growth zones), osteoporosis (very rare - pathological fractures, aseptic necrosis of the humeral head and femur), rupture of tendons of muscles, steroid myopathy, loss of muscle mass (atrophy).
From the skin and mucous membranes: delayed healing of wounds, petechiae, ecchymosis, thinning of the skin, hyper or hypopigmentation, acne, striae, a tendency to develop pyoderma and candidiasis.
Allergic reactions: generalized (skin rash, itching, anaphylactic shock), local allergic reactions.
Local: burning, numbness, pain, tingling, flushing at the injection site, infections at the injection site; rarely - necrosis of surrounding tissues, scar formation at the injection site; atrophy of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with the / m introduction (especially dangerous is the introduction to the deltoid muscle).
Other: development or exacerbation of infections (the appearance of this side effect is facilitated by jointly used immunosuppressants and vaccination), leukocyturia. withdrawal syndrome.
With IV introduction: arrhythmias, "tides" of blood to the face, seizures.