Cephalexin (Cefalexinum)

Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Indications Carefully Contraindications Dosing and Administration Side effects
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Clinical and pharmacological group: & nbsp

Cephalosporins

Included in the formulation
  • Cephalexin
    powdersuspension inwards 
    SYNTHESIS, OJSC     Russia
  • Cephalexin
    granulessuspension inwards 
    Hemofarm AD     Serbia
  • Cephalexin
    capsules inwards 
    Hemofarm AD     Serbia
  • Cephalexin
    capsules inwards 
       
  • Cephalexin
    pills inwards 
    BIOCHEMIST, OJSC     Russia
  • Cephalexin
    capsules inwards 
    NORTH STAR, CJSC     Russia
  • Ecocephron®
    capsules inwards 
    AVVA RUS, OJSC     Russia
    • Included in the list (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2782-r of 30.12.2014):

    ONLS

    VED

    АТХ:

    J.01.D.B.01   Cephalexin

    Pharmacodynamics:

    Cephalosporin I generation, has a bactericidal effect due to inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Violates the synthesis of the biopolymer peptidoglikana - the main component of the cell wall of bacteria. It inhibits the peptidoglycan transpeptidase, inhibits the activity of the endogenous inhibitor, which leads to activation of murein hydrolase, which cleaves peptidoglycan. Effective against fissile bacteria, in the walls of which the synthesis of peptidoglycan occurs.

    It is active against gram-positive microorganisms: staphylococci, including coagulase negative, coagulase-positive and penicillin-forming strains, streptococci, pneumococci; Gram-negative microorganisms: Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., E. coli, Proteus mirabilis., Neisseria spp, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, radiant fungi and pale spirochetes.

    It is stable in an acidic medium.

    Pharmacokinetics:

    After oral ingestion, up to 95% is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood plasma is achieved after 1.5-2 hours and persists for 4-6 hours. The connection with plasma proteins is 15%.

    Not exposed to metabolism.

    The half-life is 6-7 days. Elimination of the kidneys unchanged.

    Indications:

    Used to treat purulent-inflammatory processes of various locations caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug. It is used for infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchopneumonia, empyema of the lungs, skin and soft tissues; furunculosis, pyoderma, abscesses, lymphangitis, acute and chronic osteomyelitis, gonorrhea.

    ICD-10

    I.A50-A64.A54   Gonococcal infection

    VIII.H65-H75.H66   Purulent and unspecified otitis media

    X.J00-J06.J01   Acute Sinusitis

    X.J30-J39.J32   Chronic Sinusitis

    I.A50-A64.A54.5   Gonococcal pharyngitis

    X.J30-J39.J31.2   Chronic pharyngitis

    X.J00-J06.J02   Acute pharyngitis

    X.J00-J06.J03   Acute tonsillitis

    X.J30-J39.J35.0   Chronic tonsillitis

    X.J00-J06.J04   Acute laryngitis and tracheitis

    X.J10-J18.J15   Bacterial pneumonia, not elsewhere classified

    X.J20-J22.J20   Acute bronchitis

    X.J40-J47.J42   Chronic bronchitis, unspecified

    XII.L00-L08.L01   Impetigo

    XII.L00-L08.L02   Abscess of skin, boil and carbuncle

    XII.L00-L08.L03   Phlegmon

    XII.L00-L08.L08.0   Pyoderma

    XIII.M00-M03.M00   Pyogenic arthritis

    XIII.M86-M90.M86   Osteomyelitis

    XIV.N10-N16.N12   Tubulointerstitial nephritis, not specified as acute or chronic

    XIV.N10-N16.N11   Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

    XIV.N10-N16.N10   Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

    XIV.N30-N39.N30   Cystitis

    XIV.N30-N39.N34   Urethritis and urethral syndrome

    XIV.N70-N77.N71.0   Acute inflammatory disease of the uterus

    Contraindications:

    Individual intolerance to β-lactam antibiotics: penicillins and cephalosporins.

    Carefully:

    Imbalance of electrolytes or fluid, a history of bronchial asthma, severe liver damage, malabsorption syndrome.

    Pregnancy and lactation:

    Recommendations for FDA - Category B. It is used in pregnancy and lactation.

    Dosing and Administration:

    Use in children

    Inside, on an empty stomach, daily dose, depending on age:

    Up to 1 year: 0.5 g;

    1-6 years: 0.5-1.0 g;

    6-10 years: 1 g;

    10-14 years: 1-2 years.

    Adults

    Inside, 250-500 mg 2-4 times a day.

    The highest daily dose: 2 g.

    The highest single dose: 500 mg.

    Side effects:

    Central and peripheral nervous system: headache, dizziness.

    Hemopoietic system: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, eosinophilia, hypoprothrombinemia.

    Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cholestatic jaundice, pseudomembranous colitis, increased activity of hepatic transaminases, hepatitis.

    Dermatological reactions: hyperhidrosis, rash, itching, candidiasis.

    Urinary system: interstitial nephritis.

    Allergic reactions.

    Overdose:

    Increased side effects.

    Treatment is symptomatic.

    Interaction:

    Strengthens the effect of indirect coagulants.

    When used simultaneously with aminoglycosides, butadione, polymyxins, the risk of nephrotoxicity increases.

    Salicylates and indomethacin slow the excretion of cephalexin.

    Increase the effect of aminoglycosides, metronidazole, polymyxins, rifampicin, weaken - levomitsetin, tetracyclines.

    Kolestyramin reduces the absorption of cephalexin.

    Special instructions:

    Control of prothrombin time and bleeding time.

    During treatment, a false positive Coombs reaction and a false positive urine reaction to glucose are possible.

    During treatment with cephalexin, alcohol should be avoided - disulfiram-like reactions are possible.

    Instructions
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