Cephalexin (Cefalexin)

Composition Pharmacodynamics Indications Carefully Contraindications Dosing and Administration Side effects Form release / dosage
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Active substanceCephalexinCephalexin
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    • Dosage form: & nbspCapsules.
    Composition:
    Active substance: cephalexin monohydrate 250 mg.
    Excipients: methylcellulose, calcium stearate, potato starch.
    Structure of the capsule: gelatin, water, titanium dioxide, dye quinoline yellow, dye sunset yellow.
    Description:Hard gelatin capsules of yellow color No. 1. Contents of capsules are white granules with a yellowish tinge and characteristic odor.
    Pharmacotherapeutic group:Antibiotic-cephalosporin.
    ATX: & nbsp

    J.01.D.B.01   Cephalexin

    Pharmacodynamics:
    Cephalosporin antibiotic of the first generation. It acts bactericidal, disrupts the synthesis of the cell wall of microorganisms. Resistant to lactamases.
    Has a wide range of activities. It is active against gram-positive microorganisms - Staphylococcus spp., (Including penicillinase-producing and non-producing penicillinase strains Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-sensitive strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcus spp. (incl.Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes), Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Gram-negative microorganisms - Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. (including Klebsiella pneumoniae), Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis; Treponema spp., Radiant fungi.
    Ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. (Indolpolozhitelnyh strains), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Methicillin-resistant strains of anaerobic microorganisms.
    It is resistant to penicillinase of staphylococci, but is destroyed by cephalosporinase of gram-negative microorganisms.
    Pharmacokinetics:
    After ingestion quickly and well absorbed. Bioavailability is 90-95%, food intake slows down absorption, but does not affect its completeness. The time to reach maximum concentration (Tcmah) after ingestion of 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g - 1 hour value Cmax - 9, 18 and 32 ug / ml, respectively.
    The therapeutic concentration persists for 4-6 hours. The connection with plasma proteins is 10-15%. The volume of distribution is 0.26 l / kg.
    It is distributed relatively evenly in various tissues and body fluids: lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, bile, gall bladder, bones, joints, respiratory tract. Poorly penetrates the unchanged blood-brain barrier (BBB). Passes through the placenta, in small amounts excreted in breast milk, is found in the amniotic fluid. It is not metabolized.
    The half-life (T1 / 2) is 0.9-1.2 hours.The total ground clearance is 380 ml / min.
    It is excreted by the kidneys - 70-89% unchanged (2/3 - by glomerular filtration, 1/3 - by tubular secretion); with bile - 0.5%. Kidney clearance - 210 ml / min. If the excretory function of the kidneys is violated, the concentration in the blood increases, and the time of excretion by the kidneys is prolonged, T1 / 2 after oral administration - 5-30 hours.
    Moderately withdrawn by hemodialysis, well - with peritoneal dialysis.
    Indications:
    Infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, acute and exacerbation of chronic pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, empyema and abscess of the lungs);
    urogenital system (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, endometritis, gonorrhea, vulvovaginitis, etc.);
    LOP-organs (pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, etc.);
    skin and soft tissues (furunculosis, abscess, phlegmon, pyoderma, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, etc.);
    bones and joints (including osteomyelitis).
    Contraindications:
    Hypersensitivity (including to other beta-lactams), children's age up to 3 years (for this dosage form).

    Carefully:Renal failure, pseudomembranous colitis (in the anamnesis), pregnancy, lactation.
    Pregnancy and lactation:
    The use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation is possible only if the intended benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus.
    If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.
    Dosing and Administration:Inside, 30-60 minutes before meals, washed down with water. In the average dose for adults - 0.25-0.5 g every 6 hours. If necessary, the daily dose - 4-6 g. Duration of treatment - 7-14 days. Children - preferably in the form of a suspension. With a body weight of less than 40 kg, the average daily dose: 25-100 mg / kg; the frequency of administration is 4 times a day. With an average otitis - a dose of 75 mg / kg / day, the frequency of reception 4 times a day. With streptococcal pharyngitis, infections of the skin and soft tissues in adults, adolescents, children older than 3 years, the frequency of intake is 2 times a day. In severe infections, the daily dose can be increased to 100 mg / kg, and the frequency of administration - up to 6 times a day. For infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, the minimum duration of treatment is 10 days. For adult patients with renal dysfunction, the daily dose is set taking into account the value of CC: with KK 5-20 ml / min maximum daily dose - 1.5 g / day; with SC less than 5 ml / min - 0.5 g / day.
    Side effects:
    Allergic reactions: rash, hives, Quincke's edema, erythema, rarely-eosinophilia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactic shock, malignant exudative skin hyperemia.
    On the part of the digestive system: pain in the abdomen, dry mouth, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, increased activity of "liver" transaminases and alkaline phosphatases, intestinal candidiasis, oral cavity, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
    From the nervous system: dizziness, weakness, headache, agitation, hallucinations, convulsions.
    On the part of the genitourinary system: interstitial nephritis, genital and anal itching, vaginitis, vaginal discharge, candidiasis of genital organs.
    From the hematopoiesis: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.
    From the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, arthritis.

    Laboratory indicators: increased prothrombin time.
    Overdose:Vomiting, nausea, epigastric pain, diarrhea, hematuria. Treatment: Activated carbon (more effective than lavage), maintenance of airway patency, monitoring of vital functions, blood gases, electrolyte balance.
    Interaction:
    When used simultaneously with furosemide, ethacrynic acid, nephrotoxic antibiotics (eg, aminoglycosides), the risk of kidney damage increases.
    Salicylates and indomethacin slow the excretion of cephalexin.
    Reduces the prothrombin index, increases the effect of indirect anticoagulants.
    Drugs that reduce tubular secretion, increase the concentration of the drug in the blood and slow its elimination.
    Special instructions:
    Patients who had a history of allergic reactions to penicillins, carbapenems, may have increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
    During treatment with cephalexin, a positive direct Coombs reaction is possible, as well as a false positive urine reaction to glucose.
    During the period of treatment is not recommended to use ethanol.
    In patients with impaired renal function, cumulation is possible (correction of the dosing regimen is required).
    With staphylococcal infection, there is a cross-resistance between cephalosporins and isoxazolylpenicillins.
    Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:


    Form release / dosage:
    Capsules of 250 mg.

    Packaging:
    10 capsules per contour cell package; for 30 capsules in a can of light-protective glass or a can of polymer or a polymer bottle.
    Each jar or bottle or 3 contour mesh packages together with the instruction for use are placed in a pack of cardboard.
    Storage conditions:
    List B.
    In dry, dark place at a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.

    Shelf life:
    2 years. Do not use after the expiration date.

    Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription
    Registration number:LSR-002246/07
    Date of registration:17.08.2007
    The owner of the registration certificate:NORTH STAR, CJSC NORTH STAR, CJSC Russia
    Manufacturer: & nbsp
    Information update date: & nbsp19.10.2015
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