SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Celebrex®, considering the antipyretic effect, may reduce the diagnostic significance of such a symptom as fever, and affect the diagnosis of infection.
Influence on the cardiovascular system
Celecoxib, like all coxibs, can increase the risk of serious complications from the cardiovascular system, such as thrombosis, myocardial infarction and stroke, which can lead to death. The risk of these reactions may increase with the dose, the duration of the drug, as well as in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system and the risk factors for such diseases. To reduce the risk of these reactions, in patients taking Celebrex®, it should be used in the lowest effective doses and the minimum possible short course (at the discretion of the treating physician). The attending physician and the patient should keep in mind the possibility of such complications, even in the absence of previously known symptoms of cardiovascular dysfunction. Patients should be informed of the signs and symptoms of adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and the measures to be taken if they occur.
In the application of NSAIDs (selective inhibitors of COX-2) in patients after aorto-coronary bypass surgery for the treatment of pain in the first10-14 days may increase the incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebral circulation disorders.
Due to the weak effect of celecoxib on the function of platelets, it can not be a substitute for acetylsalicylic acid for the prevention of thromboembolism. Also, therefore, antiplatelet therapy (eg, acetylsalicylic acid) should not be discontinued in patients at risk of developing thromboembolic complications.
Like all NSAIDs, celecoxib can lead to an increase in blood pressure, which can also cause complications from the cardiovascular system. All NSAIDs, including celecoxib, in patients with hypertension should be used with caution. Monitoring of blood pressure should be performed at the beginning of therapy with celecoxib, and during the course of treatment.
Effect on the gastrointestinal tract
In patients who took celecoxib, extremely rare cases of perforation, ulceration and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract were observed. The risk of developing these
complications in the treatment of NSAIDs is highest in the elderly, patients with cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, patients simultaneously receiving acetylsalicylic acid, and patients with such diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as an ulcer, bleeding, inflammatory processes in the acute stage and in an anamnesis. Other risk factors for bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract are simultaneous use with oral glucocorticosteroids and anti-coagulants and, for a long period of therapy, NSAIDs, smoking, and alcohol use. Most spontaneous reports of serious side effects on the gastrointestinal tract were related to elderly and debilitated patients.
Co-administration with oral anticoagulants
With the simultaneous use of NSAIDs with oral anticoagulants, the risk of bleeding increases. Care should be taken when using these drugs at the same time. Oral anticoagulants include warfarin, anti coagulant coumarin series and new oral anticoagulants (for example, apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban). Serious (some of them fatal) bleeding was reported in patients who received concomitant treatment with warfarin or similar agents.As reported on the increase in prothrombin time (international prothrombin time (MNO)), then, after initiating treatment with Celebscox® or changing its dose, patients who are simultaneously receiving warfarin therapy or anticoagulants of the coumarin series should be monitored for anticoagulant activity and / or MBUT.
Fluid retention and swelling
As with other drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, a number of patients taking Celebrex® may experience fluid retention and swelling, so caution should be exercised when using this medication in patients with conditions predisposing or worsening due to fluid retention. Patients with a history of heart failure or hypertension should be closely monitored.
Effect on kidney function
NSAIDs, including celecoxib, can have a toxic effect on kidney function. It was found that celecoxib is not more toxic than other NSAIDs. Celebrex® should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, heart failure,a violation of liver function and in elderly patients. The function of the kidney in such patients should be carefully monitored (see section "Method of administration and dose"). Caution should be exercised when using Celebrex® in patients with dehydration. In such cases, it is advisable to first rehydrate, and then begin therapy with Celebrex®.
Effects on liver function
Celebrose® should not be used in patients with severe liver failure (class C according to Child-Pugh classification). Celebrex® should be used with caution in the treatment of patients with moderate hepatic impairment and reduce the initial recommended dose of the drug by half (see the section "Method of administration and dose").
In some cases severe liver reactions have been observed, including fulminant hepatitis (sometimes fatal), liver necrosis, liver failure (sometimes with a legal outcome or the need for liver transplantation). Most of these reactions developed 1 month after the initiation of celecoxib.
Patients with symptoms and / or signs of impaired liver function, or those patients,who have been diagnosed as having liver function abnormalities by laboratory methods, should be carefully monitored for the development of more severe liver reactions during treatment with Celebrex®.
Anaphylactic reactions
When taking Celebrex®, cases of anaphylactic reactions were reported (see "Contraindications").
Serious reactions from the skin
Very rarely, when taking celecoxib, serious skin reactions were observed, such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, some of which were fatal. The risk of occurrence of such reactions is higher in patients at the beginning of therapy, in most noted cases such reactions began in the first month of therapy. Celebrex® should be discontinued if skin rashes, changes in mucous membranes or other signs of hypersensitivity occur.
Glucocorticosteroid therapy
Celebrex® can not replace glucocorticosteroids or be used as a therapy for glucocorticosteroid insufficiency.
Inhibition of the isoenzyme function CYP2D6
It was found that celecoxib is a moderate inhibitor of isoenzyme CYP2D6. During the initiation of celecoxib therapy, the dose of drugs metabolized by isoenzyme CYP2D6, and after treatment with celecoxib The dose of these drugs should be increased (see section "Interaction with other drugs").