Potassium chloride - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

Preparation K⁺, restores water-electrolyte balance. Has a negative chrono- and batmotropic effect, in high doses - negative foreign and dromotropic, as well as moderate diuretic effect. In small doses of K⁺ dilates coronary vessels, in large - narrows. Participates in the process of carrying out nerve impulses. With intravenous administration increases the secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal glands.

Activates many cytoplasmic enzymes, participates in maintaining intracellular osmotic pressure, in protein-synthetic reactions and transport of amino acids. Improves the contraction of skeletal muscles in muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis. Increase in concentration of K⁺ reduces the risk of developing toxic effects of cardiac glycosides.

Indications:

Hypokalemia (including on the background of diabetes mellitus, prolonged diarrhea and / or vomiting, therapy with antihypertensive drugs, certain diuretics, glucocorticosteroids),treatment and prevention of digitalis intoxication, the prevention of arrhythmia in patients with myocardial infarction (in the acute period).

Contraindications:

Hyperkalemia, complete atrioventricular block, adrenal insufficiency, chronic renal failure, concomitant therapy with potassium-sparing diuretics, metabolic disorders (acidosis, hypovolemia with hyponatraemia), pregnancy, lactation, age under 18 years (efficacy and safety not established).

Pregnancy and lactation:

If necessary, use in pregnancy should be compared with the expected benefit for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.

During the lactation period, the issue of stopping breastfeeding should be addressed.

Dosing and Administration:

Intravenously. With hypokalemia with a violation of the heart rhythm - 1-1.5 g 4-5 times a day; after restoring the heart rhythm, the dose is reduced. With digitalis intoxication - 2-3 g / day, in severe cases - up to 5 g. For arresting attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia on the first day - 8-12 g, followed by a decrease to 3-6 g.

Intravenously streamwise, if necessary intravenously drip (slowly, for 1 hour) - 2-2.5 g in 500 ml of 5% dextrose solution.For the prevention and treatment of ectopic arrhythmias in myocardial infarction - a polarizing mixture: a solution of potassium chloride in a 5% - 10% solution of dextrose (add insulin at the rate of 1 unit for 3-4 g of dry dextrose).

Side effects:

From the nervous system: paresthesia, muscle weakness, confusion.

From the side of the cardiovascular system: lowering blood pressure, arrhythmia, heart block, heart failure.

Other: hyperkalemia, allergic reactions.

Overdose:

Symptoms: hyperkalemia (muscle hypotension, paresthesia of the limbs, slowing of atrioventricular conduction, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest). Early clinical signs of hyperkalemia usually appear at a concentration of K⁺ in serum of blood more than 6 meq / l: sharpening of the tooth T, disappearance of the tooth U, segment decline ST, interval lengthening QT, expansion of the complex QRS. More severe symptoms of hyperkalemia - muscle paralysis and cardiac arrest - develop at a concentration of K⁺ 9-10 meq / L.

Treatment: inside or intravenously - solution NaCl; intravenously - 300-500 ml of a 5% solution of dextrose (with 10-20 units of insulin in 1 liter); if necessary, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Interaction:

Pharmaceutically compatible with solutions of cardiac glycosides (improves their tolerability).

Strengthens the negative dromo- and batmotropic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. In the composition of the polarizing mixture (in combination with dextrose and insulin) contributes to the normalization of the heart rate with myocardial infarction, ectopic arrhythmias and an overdose of cardiac glycosides.

Eliminates hypokalemia caused by glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroids and diuretics.

Beta-blockers, ciclosporin, potassium-sparing diuretics, heparin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may increase the risk of hyperkalemia.

Special instructions:

During the treatment period, it is necessary to control the K content⁺ in the blood serum, ECG, in the treatment of hypokalemia - control of the acid-base state.

Safety and effectiveness of potassium chloride in children have not been established.

A diet with a high content of sodium chloride increases the excretion of K⁺ from the body. It should be borne in mind that hyperkalemia, leading to death, can develop rapidly and proceed asymptomatically.

Form release / dosage:

Solution for intravenous administration 40 mg / ml in ampoules of 10 ml.

Packaging:

10 ampoules together with the instruction for use are placed in a pack of cardboard.

5 ampoules are placed in a contour mesh package. 2 contour squares, together with instructions for use, are placed in a pack of cardboard. In each pack insert knife ampoule or scarifier.

When packaging ampoules with a dot or ring fracture, the ampoule opener or scarifier is not inserted.

Storage conditions:

In dry, the dark place at a temperature of 0 to 30 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life:

3 years. Do not use after expiry date.

Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription

Registration number:LSR-007954/08

Date of registration:08.10.2008 / 07.04.2016

Expiration Date:Unlimited

The owner of the registration certificate:Armavir Biofactory, FKPArmavir Biofactory, FKP Russia

Manufacturer: & nbsp

ARMAVIRSK BIOLOGICAL FACTORY, FSUE Russia

Information update date: & nbsp26.11.2017

Illustrated instructions

Instructions

Potassium chloride (Potassium chloride)