Potassium chloride - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

Potassium is the main intracellular ion. The drug normalizes the water electrolyte balance in the body, replenishes the potassium deficiency. Activates many cytoplasmic enzymes, regulates intracellular osmotic pressure, protein synthesis, amino acid transport, conduction of nerve impulses, improves skeletal muscle contraction in muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis. Potassium ions cause a decrease in heart rate, reduce contractile activity, reduce conduction, automatism and excitability of the myocardium. In small doses, K + dilates the coronary vessels, in large - narrows. Potassium promotes an increase in the content of acetylcholine and stimulation of the sympathetic part of the central nervous system. Has a moderate diuretic effect. Increasing the level of potassium reduces the risk of the toxic effect of cardiac glycosides on the heart. Stimulates the adrenal glands and increases their secretion of epinephrine.

Indications:

- Treatment and prophylaxis of hypokalemia, caused by diabetes mellitus, prolonged diarrhea, vomiting, with the use of diuretics (thiazide, thiazide, loop), therapy with glucocorticosteroids, cardiac glycosides, hypotensive drugs.

- Treatment and prevention of digital intoxication.

- Arrhythmias of different origin (associated with electrolyte disorders and absolute or relative hypokalemia);

Prevention of arrhythmia in patients with myocardial infarction (in acute period).

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to the components that make up the drug. Acute and chronic renal failure, complete atrioventricular blockade, adrenal insufficiency, concomitant therapy with potassium-sparing diuretics, hyperkalemia, metabolic disorders (acidosis, hypovolaemia with hyponatremia), erosive and ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pregnancy and lactation, age under 18 (efficacy and security is not established).

Pregnancy and lactation:

If necessary, use in pregnancy should be compared with the expected benefit for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.

During the lactation period, the issue of stopping breastfeeding should be addressed.

Dosing and Administration:

Enter intravenously struino or drip.

50 ml 40 mg / ml potassium chloride solution is diluted with water for injection 10 times (up to 500 ml) to obtain an isotonic solution and injected intravenously, drip (20-30 drops per minute). For drip introduction, you can prepare a solution at the rate of up to 2.5 g of potassium chloride in 500 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or 5 % solution of dextrose.

Side effects:

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, ulceration of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation and intestinal obstruction.

From the nervous system: paresthesia, muscle weakness, confusion.

From the cardiovascular system: decrease in arterial pressure, arrhythmias, slowing of atrioventricular conduction until the appearance of complete AV blockade, cardiac arrest (with an overdose).

Other: hyperkalemia, allergic reactions.

Overdose:

Symptoms:

Hyperkalemia (increased concentration of potassium ions in the serum above 5.5 meq / l.),manifestations of which are: muscle hypotension, paresthesia of the limbs, slowing of atrioventricular conduction, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest. Early changes in the electrocardiogram are highIy tine T with a pointed vertex and narrow base, most pronounced in the thoracic leads V2-V4 manifested with an increase in the concentration of potassium ions in the blood serum 5.5-6.5 meq / l.

With moderate hyperkalemia (concentration of potassium ions in the blood serum 6.5-8.0 meq / L), electrocardiographic signs are: a decrease in the amplitude of the P wave, an elongation of the interval PQ, QRS, reduction of the amplitude of the tooth R, ventricular extrasystole.

More severe symptoms of hyperkalemia - muscle paralysis and cardiac arrest (changes in the electrocardiogram - slow or accelerated idioventricular rhythm, ventricular fibrillation, asystole) develop at a concentration of potassium ions in the serum of 9-14 meV / l.

Treatment:

inside or in / in - a solution of sodium chloride; in / in - 300-500 ml of dextrose solution with 10-20 units of insulin in 1000 ml; if necessary, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Interaction:

Pharmaceutically compatible with solutions of cardiac glycosides (improves themtolerance). Strengthens the negative dromo- and batmotropic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs.

In the composition of the polarizing mixture (in combination with dextrose and insulin) contributes to the normalization of the heart rate with myocardial infarction, ectopic arrhythmias and an overdose of cardiac glycosides.

Beta-blockers, ciclosporin, heparin, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium preparations, ACE inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Strengthens the action of quinidine, the side effect of disopyramide.

Special instructions:

Use with caution in case of atrioventricular blockade of I-II degree.

During the treatment it is necessary to control the content of potassium ions in the blood serum, ECG, in the treatment of hypokalemia, control of the acid-base state is necessary.

It should be borne in mind that hypokalemia, leading to death, can develop rapidly and proceed asymptomatically.

Safety and effectiveness of potassium chloride in children have not been established.

Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:The adverse effect of the drug on the ability to drive a car and other activities that require concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions have not been reported.

Form release / dosage:

Solution for intravenous administration 40 mg / ml.

Packaging:

10 ml into neutral glass ampoules.

For 10 ampoules with instruction for use and a knife for opening ampoules or a scarifier ampullum is placed in a box of cardboard.

5 or 10 ampoules are placed in a contoured cell pack of a polyvinyl chloride film or a polyethylene terephthalate tape and aluminum foil, or paper with a polyethylene coating, or without a foil, or without paper.

For 1 or 2 contour squares with instructions for use and a knife for opening ampoules or a scarifier ampullum is placed in a pack of cardboard.

When you pack the ampoules with a break ring or break point, the ampoule opener or ampoule scapper is not put in.

Storage conditions:

Store at temperatures from 15 to 25 ° C, out of the reach of children.

Shelf life:

4 years.

Do not use after the expiration date.

Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription

Registration number:P N002165 / 01

Date of registration:26.11.2007 / 12.05.2017

Expiration Date:Unlimited

The owner of the registration certificate:NOVOSIBHIMFARM, OJSC NOVOSIBHIMFARM, OJSC Russia

Manufacturer: & nbsp

NOVOSIBHIMFARM, OJSC Russia

Information update date: & nbsp26.11.2017

Illustrated instructions

Instructions

Potassium chloride (Potassium chloride)