When parenteral administration has a sedative, diuretic, arteriodilating, anticonvulsant, antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, spasmolytic, in large doses - curare-like (depressing effect on neuromuscular transmission), tocolytic, hypnotic and narcotic effect, suppresses the respiratory center.
Magnesium is a physiological calcium antagonist and is able to displace it from binding sites.Regulates metabolic processes, interneuronal transmission and muscle excitability, prevents calcium intake through the presynaptic membrane, reduces the amount of acetylcholine in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS). Relaxes smooth muscles, lowers blood pressure (BP) (mostly increased), increases diuresis.
Anticonvulsant action - magnesium reduces the release of acetylcholine from neuromuscular synapses, suppressing neuromuscular transmission, has a direct inhibitory effect on the central nervous system.
Antiarrhythmic action - magnesium reduces the excitability of myocytes, restores ion balance, stabilizes cell membranes, breaks sodium current, slow incoming calcium current and unilateral potassium current.
The cardioprotective effect is due to the expansion of the coronary arteries, the reduction of the total peripheral vascular resistance and platelet aggregation.
Tocolytic action - magnesium inhibits the contractility of the myometrium (reduced absorption, binding and distribution of calcium in smooth muscle cells), increases blood flow in the uterus as a result of the expansion of its vessels.
It is an antidote for poisoning with salts of heavy metals.
Systemic effects develop almost instantaneously after intravenous (IV) and 1 hour after intramuscular (IM) administration. The duration of action with / in the introduction - 30 minutes, with / m - 3-4 hours.