Ceftazidime - instructions for use, doses, side effects, contraindications

Has bactericidal action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Violates the synthesis of the biopolymer peptidoglikana - the main component of the cell wall of bacteria. It inhibits the peptidoglycan transpeptidase, inhibits the activity of the endogenous inhibitor, which leads to activation of murein hydrolase, which cleaves peptidoglycan. Effective against fissile bacteria, in the walls of which the synthesis of peptidoglycan occurs.

Active against gram-negative microorganisms: Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis; Gram-positive - Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pneumoniae; anaerobic - Bacteroides spp.

Resistant to the action of β-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics:

After intravenous administration, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached in 20-30 minutes, after intramuscular - in 1 hour. The connection with plasma proteins is 10%.

Penetrates into all organs and tissues. Penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid with meningitis. Do not cumulate. Not exposed to metabolism. Penetrates through the placental barrier, is found in breast milk.

The half-life is 1.9 hours after intravenous administration and 2 hours after intramuscular injection. Elimination of the kidneys unchanged.

Indications:

It is used for treatment septicemia, peritonitis, meningitis, severe infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, soft tissues, bones and joints, digestive tract, infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

ICD-10

I.A30-A49.A40 Streptococcal septicemia

I.A30-A49.A41 Other septicemia

X.J10-J18.J15 Bacterial pneumonia, not elsewhere classified

X.J85-J86.J85 Abscess of the lung and mediastinum

X.J85-J86.J86 Pythothrace

XI.K65-K67.K65.0 Acute peritonitis

XI.K80-K87.K81.1 Chronic cholecystitis

XI.K80-K87.K81.0 Acute cholecystitis

XI.K80-K87.K83.0 Cholangitis

XII.L00-L08.L01 Impetigo

XII.L00-L08.L02 Abscess of skin, boil and carbuncle

XII.L00-L08.L03 Phlegmon

XII.L00-L08.L08.0 Pyoderma

XIII.M00-M03.M00 Pyogenic arthritis

XIII.M86-M90.M86 Osteomyelitis

XIV.N10-N16.N11 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

XIV.N10-N16.N10 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

XIV.N30-N39.N30 Cystitis

XIV.N30-N39.N34 Urethritis and urethral syndrome

XIV.N40-N51.N41 Inflammatory diseases of the prostate

XIV.N70-N77.N70 Salpingitis and oophoritis

XIV.N70-N77.N71.0 Acute inflammatory disease of the uterus

XIV.N70-N77.N72 Inflammatory disease of the cervix

XIX.T79.T79.3 Post-traumatic wound infection, not elsewhere classified

Contraindications:

Individual intolerance to β-lactam antibiotics: penicillins and cephalosporins.

Carefully:

Imbalance of electrolytes or fluids, severe liver damage, colitis in history.

Pregnancy and lactation:

Recommendations for FDA - Category B. It is used with caution during pregnancy and lactation in cases where the intended benefit exceeds the risk to the fetus and newborn.

Dosing and Administration:

Use in children

Intramuscularly and intravenously:

up to 2 months: 25-50 mg / kg per day for 2 injections;

over 2 months: 50-100 mg / kg per day.

Adults

Intravenous and intramuscular, 1 g every 8 hours or 2 g every 12 hours. In severe disease - up to 6 grams per day.

The highest daily dose: 6 g.

The highest single dose: 2 g.

Side effects:

Central and peripheral nervous system: rarely - convulsions.

Hemopoietic system: thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leukopenia, increased prothrombin time and blood coagulation time.

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased activity of hepatic enzymes, hepatic or cholestatic jaundice, intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Dermatological reactions: local reactions - compaction at the injection site, candidiasis dermatitis, vulvovaginitis.

urinary system: rarely - the development of hypokalemia.

Allergic reactions.

Overdose:

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuromuscular excitability, convulsive attacks.

Treatment is symptomatic, hemodialysis.

Interaction:

Simultaneous application with probenecid slows the renal excretion of ceftazidime.

"Loop diuretics" block the tubular secretion of ceftazidime.

Special instructions:

Ceftazidime is not recommended for the treatment of meningitis.

Simultaneous use with ethanol can cause a disulfiram-like reaction.

Instructions

Ceftazidime (Ceftazidimum)