Ceftazidime is administered intramuscularly (in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus or in the region of the lateral surface of the thigh) or intravenously (injection, infusion).
Adults and children with a body weight of 40 kg or more (intramuscularly, intravenously (drip or drip)):
Infections of the lower respiratory tract in patients with cystic fibrosis: 100-150 mg / kg / day every 8 hours. The maximum daily dose is 9 g. Nosocomial pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, infection in patients with immunodeficiency (including patients with neutropenia): 2 g every 8 hours.
Infections of bones and joints, complicated rumen and soft tissue infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, peritonitis in patients on dialysis: 1-2 g every 8 hours. Complicated urinary tract infections: 1-2 g every 8 or 12 hours. Perioperative prophylaxis for transurethral resection of the prostate: 1 g of ceftazidime during anesthesia, the second dose when the catheter is removed.
Infections LOP-organ (including chronic purulent otitis media and
malignant external otitis media): 1-2 g every 8 h.
Adults and children with a body weight of 40 kg and more (extended infusion regimen):
Nosocomial pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection
patients with cystic fibrosis, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, infections of bones and joints, complicated skin and soft tissue infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, peritonitis in dialysis patients, infections in patients with immunodeficiency (including neutropenic patients): a loading dose of 2 g, then 4-6 g every 24 hours as an infusion.
Children older than 2 months with a body weight of less than 40 kg (intramuscularly, intravenously (struino or drip)):
Complicated urinary tract infections, chronic suppurative otitis media and malignant otitis externa, infections of bones and joints, complicated skin and soft tissue infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, peritonitis in dialysis patients: 100-150 mg / kg / day in 3 injections, the maximum daily dose is 6 g. Infections in patients with immunodeficiency (including patients with neutropenia), lower respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia: 150 mg / kg / day in 3 injections, the maximum daily dose is 6 g.
Children older than 2 months with a body weight of less than 40 kg (prolonged infusion regimen):
Infections in patients with immunodeficiency (including patients with neutropenia), nosocomial pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, infections of bones and joints, complicated skin and soft tissue infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, peritonitis in patients on dialysis: the loading dose is 60-100 mg / kg, then 100-200 mg / kg / day, the maximum daily dose is 6 g.
Newborns and children 2 months and younger (intramuscularly, intravenously (either jet or drip)): 25-60 mg / kg / day in 2 injections.
The safety and efficacy of ceftazidime, administered by prolonged infusion to infants and newborns <2 months, have not been established.
Elderly patients (over 80 years)
The maximum daily dose, as a rule, should not exceed 3 g.
Correction of dose in renal failure
The initial loading dose of ceftazidime is 1 g, the subsequent maintenance doses should be adjusted depending on the creatinine clearance (CK).
Adults and children with a body weight of 40 kg and more (intramuscularly, intravenously (struino or drip))
Recommended doses of ceftazidime in adults and children with a body weight of 40 kg or more with kidney failure when administered intramuscularly, intravenously (struino or drip)
Creatinine clearance, ml / min | Approximate values ​​of serum creatinine concentration, μmol / L (mg / dL) | Recommended single dose of ceftazidime (g) | The interval between drug administration (h) |
50-31 | 150-200 (1,7-2,3) | 1 | 12 |
30-16 | 200-350 (2,3-4,0) | 1 | 24 |
15-6 | 350-500 (4,0-5,6) | 0,5 | 24 |
<5 | >500 (>5,6) | 0,5 | 48 |
In patients with severe infection, the dose is recommended to be increased by 50% or to increase the frequency of admission.
In children, QC should be adjusted for body surface area or lean body mass.
Children older than 2 months with a body weight of less than 40 kg (intramuscularly, intravenously (struino or drip))
Recommended doses of ceftazidime in children older than 2 months with a body weight of less than 40 kg with renal insufficiency when administered intramuscularly, intravenously (by jet or drip)
Clearance | Approximate | Recommended | The interval between |
|
creatinine **, | meanings | single dose | introductions |
|
ml / min | concentration of creatine * in the blood serum, μmol / l (mg / dl) | ceftazidime (mg / kg body weight) | preparation (h) |
50-31 | 150-200 (1,7-2,3) | 25 | 12 |
30-16 | 200-350 (2,3-4,0) | 25 | 24 |
15-6 | 350-500 (4,0-5,6) | 12,5 | 24 |
<5 | 1 500 2 5,6 | 12,5 | 48 |
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* The indices of serum concentration of creathnin are approximate
values ​​and may not necessarily accurately indicate a similar degree of dose reduction
for all patients with renal insufficiency.
** Estimated for body surface area or measured.
Adults and children with a body weight of 40 kg and more (prolonged infusion regimen)
Recommended doses of ceftazidime in adults and children with a body weight of 40 kg or more with renal failure in the regime of prolonged infusion
Cleanserin clearance, ml / min | Approximate values ​​of serum creatinine concentration, μmol / l (mg / dL) | Recommended dose ceftazidime and the interval between administrations |
50-31 | 150-200 (1,7-2,3) | The loading dose is 2 g, then 1 -3 g every 24 h |
30-16 | 200-350 (2,3-4,0) | The loading dose is 2 g, then 1 g every 24 h |
< 15 | > 350 (> 4,0) | Not defined |
Children older than 2 months with a body weight of less than 40 kg (prolonged infusion regimen)
Data on the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime in patients with renal insufficiency in this age group are not available, and therefore careful monitoring of efficacy and safety when prescribing ceftazidime to these patients is recommended.In children, QC should be adjusted for body surface area or lean body mass.
Hemodialysis
In patients on hemodialysis, the half-life of ceftazidime is 3 to 5 hours. After each hemodialysis session, the administration of the maintenance dose of ceftazidime, indicated in the table below, should be repeated.
Peritoneal dialysis
Ceftazidime may be given during peritoneal dialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. In addition to intravenous administration, ceftazidime can be added to the dialysate (usually 125-250 mg per 2 liters of dialysate solution). In patients with renal insufficiency on continuous arteriovenous dialysis or hemofiltration using high-flux membranes located in intensive care units, the recommended daily dose of ceftazidime is 1 g in one or more injections. When carrying out haemofiltration using low-flux membranes it is necessary to use the doses recommended for patients with renal insufficiency.
Patients on continuous hemodialysis using a venovenous shunt should be given doses of ceftazidime indicated in the tables below.
Recommended maintenance doses of ceftazidime in patients,
located on a permanent vein-venous hemofiltration
Clearance | The maintenance dose (mg), depending on |
creatinine | ultrafiltration rate (ml / min) |
ml / min | 5 | 16,7 | 33,3 | 50 |
0 | 250 | 250 | 500 | 500 |
5 | 250 | 250 | 500 | 500 |
10 | 250 | 500 | 500 | 750 |
15 | 250 | 500 | 500 | 750 |
20 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 750 |
* The maintenance dose is given every 12 hours
Recommended maintenance doses of ceftazidime in patients on permanent veno-venous hemodialysis
Creatinine clearance ml / min | The maintenance dose (mg) and the dependence on the flow rate dialysate |
1 l / h | 2 l / h |
Rate of ultrafiltration (l / h) |
0,5 | 1,0 | 2,0 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 2,0 |
0 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 750 |
5 | 500 | 500 | 750 | 500 | 500 | 750 |
10 | 500 | 500 | 750 | 500 | 750 | 1000 |
15 | 500 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 1000 |
20 | 750 | 750 | 1000 | 750 | 750 | 1000 |
* The maintenance dose is given every 12 hours Patients with hepatic impairment
According to the available data, there is no need for correction of the dosing regimen in patients with mild or moderate severity of liver function disorder. There are no results of studies involving patients with impaired hepatic function. It is recommended to carefully monitor the safety and effectiveness of the therapy.
Preparation of solutions
Only clear solutions should be used. After adding the solvent, shake the bottle until a clear solution is obtained.
The solution should be used immediately after preparation.
For intramuscular injection ceftazidime are dissolved in water for injection or 0.5% or 1% lidocaine solution, as shown in the table below.
For intravenous injection ceftazidime are dissolved in water for injection, as shown in the table below, administered slowly (duration of administration up to 5 minutes).
For use in extended infusion ceftazidime dissolved in water for injection, 0.9% solution of sodium chloride (saline), 5% glucose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution + 5% glucose solution (1: 1 by volume), Ringer-Lactate solution.
Mode of administration / Dose | The amount of gel sol (ml) | Approximate volume (ml) | Approximate concentration ceftazidime (mg / ml) |
Intramuscularly |
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500 mg | 1,5 | 2,10 | 238 |
1 g | 3,0 | 3,80 | 263 |
Intravenously |
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500 mg | 5 | 5,50 | 91 |
1 g | 10 | 11,00 | 91 |
2 grams | 10 | 11,50 | 174 |
Infusion |
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1 g | 40* | 41 | 25 |
2 grams | 40* | 42 | 50 |
* Dissolution of the drug should be carried out in 2 stages
Preparation of solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration
1. Insert the needle of the syringe into the vial through the rubber stopper and add the recommended amount of solvent through it.
2. Remove the syringe needle and shake the vial to get a clear solution.
3. Flip the bottle. With a piston fully inserted into the syringe, pierce the rubber stopper of the vial with a needle and push it into the vial so that it is completely in solution.Collect the entire solution in a syringe. Small bubbles of carbon dioxide may be present in the resulting solution, which does not affect the effectiveness of the preparation. If there are bubbles in the syringe, they must be removed before the drug is injected.
Preparation of the solution for use in the extended infusion mode:
1. Insert the needle of the syringe into the vial through the rubber stopper and add 10 ml of solvent through the nurse.
2. Remove the syringe needle and shake the vial to get a clear solution.
3. Insert the vent to relieve the pressure before adding more solvent to the vial.
4. Without removing the needle to exit the gas, add the remaining amount of the solvent to the vial through the syringe needle. Remove both needles (gas outlet needle and syringe needle) from the vial plug, shake the vial and install it for infusion.
To ensure sterility, it is important not to inject the gas outlet needle into the bottle until the powder dissolves.
Depending on the concentration and solvent, solutions of ceftazidime can be from light yellow to amber.
From the point of view of microbiological purity, the prepared solutions should be used immediately.At room temperature, the stability of solutions for extended infusion, prepared using solvents such as water for injections, 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 5% glucose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution + 5% glucose solution (1: 1 by volume), Ringer-Lactate solution, stored for 30 min. At a temperature of 2-8 ° C, the prepared solutions remain chemically and physically stable for 24 hours. The solutions in this case can be used if their preparation takes place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.