Severe infections, staphylococcal infections and infections caused by gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria
In the treatment of severe infections caused by staphylococcus infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, Ciprobay® should be used in combination with appropriate antibacterial agents.
Infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Ciprobay® is not recommended for the treatment of infections caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae, because of its insufficient effectiveness against the pathogen.
Infections of the reproductive tract
In genital infections presumably caused by strains Neisseria gonorrhoeae, resistant to fluoroquinolones, should take into account information on local resistance to ciprofloxacin and confirm the sensitivity of the causative agent in laboratory tests.
Heart Disease
The drug Ciprobay® influences the elongation of the QT interval (see Fig.section "Side effect"). Given that women have a larger average duration of the QT interval than men, they are more sensitive to drugs that cause prolongation of the QT interval. In elderly patients, there is also increased sensitivity to the action of drugs that cause prolongation of the QT interval. Therefore, use with caution the preparation Ciprobay ® in combination with drugs that extend the QT interval (for example, antiarrhythmic drugs of classes I A and III, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolides and antipsychotics) (see section "Interaction with other drugs"), or patients with an increased risk of QT interval prolongation or the development of pirouette-type arrhythmias (eg, with congenital QT prolongation syndrome, uncorrected electrolyte imbalance, such as hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia and heart diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, bradycardia).
Use in children
It was found that, ciprofloxacin, like other drugs of this class, causes arthropathy of large joints in animals.When analyzing the current data on the safety of ciprofloxacin in children under 18 years of age, most of whom have cystic fibrosis of the lung, there is no association between cartilage damage and joints with drug administration. It is not recommended to use Ciprobay® in children for the treatment of other diseases, except for the treatment of complications of cystic fibrosis of the lungs (in children from 5 to 17 years) associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for the treatment and prevention of pulmonary forms of anthrax (after suspected or proven infection Bacillus anthracis).
Hypersensitivity
Sometimes after taking the first dose of Ciprobay®, hypersensitivity to the drug, including allergic reactions, may develop, which should be reported immediately to the treating physician (see the "Side effect" section). In rare cases, after the first application, anaphylactic reactions may occur up to anaphylactic shock. In these cases, the use of Ciprobay® should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be given.
Gastrointestinal tract
If there is a severe or prolonged diarrhea during or after treatment with Ciprobay®, the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis should be excluded,which requires immediate withdrawal of the drug and the appointment of appropriate treatment (vancomycin inside in a dose of 250 mg 4 times a day) (see section "Side effect"). Contraindicated in the use of drugs that suppress the intestinal peristalsis.
Hepatobiliary system
When using the drug Ciprobay®, cases of liver necrosis and life-threatening liver failure were noted. If you have the following signs of liver disease, such as anorexia, jaundice, darkening of the urine, itching, abdominal tenderness, taking Ziprobay® should be discontinued (see section "Side effect").
Patients taking Tsiprobay® and underwent liver disease, there may be a temporary increase in activity of "liver" transaminases, alkaline phosphatase or cholestatic jaundice (see. Section "Side effects").
Musculoskeletal system
Patients with severe myasthenia gravis should be treated with Ciprobay ® with caution, as possible exacerbation of symptoms.
When receiving Tsiprobay® drug may occur instances tendonitis, and tendon rupture (predominantly Achilles tendon) bilateral sometimes already in the first 48 hours after start of therapy.Inflammation and rupture of the tendon can occur even a few months after discontinuation of treatment with Ciprobay®. In elderly patients and patients with diseases of tendons treated simultaneously with corticosteroids, there is an increased risk of tendonopathy.
At the first signs of tendonitis (painful swelling in the joint area, inflammation), ciprofloxacin should be discontinued, physical activity should be avoided, there is a risk of rupture of the tendon, as well as consult a doctor.
Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in patients who have a history of tendon disease associated with the administration of quinolones.
Nervous system
Ciprobay ®, like other fluoroquinolones, can provoke cramps and reduce the threshold of convulsive readiness. Patients with epilepsy and advanced CNS diseases (eg, lowering the threshold of convulsive readiness, convulsive seizures in the anamnesis, cerebral circulation disorders, organic brain lesions or stroke) due to the threat of the development of adverse reactions from the CNS preparation Ziprobay ® should be used only in those cases ,when the expected clinical effect exceeds the possible risk of side effects of the drug.
When using the drug Ciprobay®, cases of development of epileptic status were reported (see section "Side effect"). In case of seizures, the drug should be discontinued. Mental reactions may occur even after the first use of fluoroquinolones, including Ciprobay®. In rare cases, depression or psychotic reactions can progress to suicidal thoughts and self-damaging behavior, such as suicide attempts, including those that have occurred (see "Side effect"). If a patient develops one of these reactions, stop taking Ziprobai® and inform the doctor about it.
In patients taking fluoroquinolones, including Ciprobay®, there have been cases of sensory or sensorimotor polyneuropathy, hypoesthesia, dysesthesia, or weakness. If symptoms such as pain, burning, tingling, numbness, weakness occur, patients should be informed by the doctor before continuing the use of the drug.
Skin covers
When taking Ziprobai®, a photosensitization reaction may occur, so patients should avoid contact with direct sunlight and UV light. Treatment should be discontinued if symptoms of photosensitivity are observed (for example, skin changes resemble sunburn) (see section "Side effect").
Cytochrome P450
It is known that Ciprobay® is a moderate inhibitor of CYP 450 1A2 isoenzymes. Caution should be exercised when using the drug Ciprobay® and drugs metabolized by these enzymes, such as tizanidine, theophylline, methylxanthine, caffeine, duloxetine, ropinirole, clozapine, olanzapine and others, since an increase in the concentration of these drugs in the blood serum, due to the inhibition of their metabolism by ciprofloxacin, can cause specific undesirable reactions.
To avoid the development of crystalluria, exceeding the recommended daily dose is inadmissible, adequate fluid intake and maintenance of acid urine reaction are also necessary.
In vitro ciprofloxacin may interfere with bacteriological research Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suppressing its growth, which can lead to false-negative results in the diagnosis of this pathogen in patients taking Ziprobay®.