Cefazolin - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

Pharmacodynamics:Cephalosporin I generation for parenteral administration, has a bactericidal effect due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Violates the synthesis of the biopolymer peptidoglikana - the main component of the cell wall of bacteria. It inhibits the peptidoglycan transpeptidase, inhibits the activity of the endogenous inhibitor, which leads to activation of murein hydrolase, which cleaves peptidoglycan. Effective against fissile bacteria, in the walls of which the synthesis of peptidoglycan occurs.

Active against gram-positive microorganisms Staphylococcus spp., which produces and does not produce penicillinase, Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Gram-negative microorganisms: Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Pharmacokinetics:

It breaks down in the gastrointestinal tract, so it is injected parenterally. After intramuscular injection, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 1 hour.

The elimination half-life is 1.8 hours. Elimination by the kidneys is up to 90% unchanged.

Indications:

It is used for treatment Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to cefazolin, including diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary and bile ducts, pelvic organs, skin and soft tissues, bones and joints, endocarditis, sepsis, peritonitis, otitis media, osteomyelitis , mastitis, wound, burn and postoperative infections, syphilis, gonorrhea.

ICD-10

I.A30-A49.A41.8 Other specified septicemia

I.A30-A49.A40 Streptococcal septicemia

I.A50-A64.A50 Congenital syphilis

I.A50-A64.A52 Late syphilis

I.A50-A64.A51 Early syphilis

I.A50-A64.A54 Gonococcal infection

VIII.H65-H75.H66 Purulent and unspecified otitis media

IX.I30-I52.I33 Acute and subacute endocarditis

X.J00-J06.J00 Acute nasopharyngitis (runny nose)

X.J30-J39.J31.1 Chronic nasopharyngitis

X.J30-J39.J31 Chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis

X.J00-J06.J01 Acute Sinusitis

X.J30-J39.J32 Chronic Sinusitis

I.A50-A64.A54.5 Gonococcal pharyngitis

X.J30-J39.J31.2 Chronic pharyngitis

X.J00-J06.J02 Acute pharyngitis

X.J00-J06.J03 Acute tonsillitis

X.J30-J39.J35.0 Chronic tonsillitis

X.J00-J06.J04 Acute laryngitis and tracheitis

X.J10-J18.J15 Bacterial pneumonia, not elsewhere classified

X.J20-J22.J20 Acute bronchitis

X.J40-J47.J41.0 Simple chronic bronchitis

X.J40-J47.J40 Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic

XIV.N70-N77.N73.5 Pelvic floor peritonitis in women, unspecified

XIV.N70-N77.N73.3 Acute pelvic peritonitis in women

XI.K65-K67.K65.0 Acute peritonitis

XI.K80-K87.K81.1 Chronic cholecystitis

XI.K80-K87.K81.0 Acute cholecystitis

XI.K80-K87.K83.0 Cholangitis

XII.L00-L08.L01 Impetigo

XII.L00-L08.L02 Abscess of skin, boil and carbuncle

XII.L00-L08.L03 Phlegmon

XII.L00-L08.L08.0 Pyoderma

XIII.M00-M03.M00 Pyogenic arthritis

XIII.M86-M90.M86 Osteomyelitis

XIV.N10-N16.N11 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

XIV.N10-N16.N10 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

XIV.N30-N39.N30 Cystitis

XIV.N30-N39.N34 Urethritis and urethral syndrome

XIV.N40-N51.N41 Inflammatory diseases of the prostate

XIV.N60-N64.N61 Inflammatory diseases of the breast

XIV.N70-N77.N70 Salpingitis and oophoritis

XIV.N70-N77.N71.0 Acute inflammatory disease of the uterus

XIV.N70-N77.N71.1 Chronic inflammatory disease of the uterus

XIV.N70-N77.N72 Inflammatory disease of the cervix

XIV.N70-N77.N73.0 Acute parametritis and pelvic cellulite

XIX.T20-T32 Thermal and chemical burns

XXI.Z20-Z29.Z29.2 Another type of preventive chemotherapy

Contraindications:

Individual intolerance to β-lactam antibiotics: penicillins and cephalosporins.

Carefully:

Imbalance of electrolytes or fluids, severe liver damage.

Pregnancy and lactation:

Recommendations for FDA - Category B. It is used in pregnancy and lactation.

Dosing and Administration:

Use in children

Older than one month: 20-50 mg / kg body weight in 3-4 divided doses.

The maximum dose: 100 mg / kg per day.

Adults

Intramuscularly on 0,25-1,0 g every 8 hours.

Intravenously struino, slowly, for 3-5 minutes or intravenously drip for 20-30 minutes - 0.5-1.0 g 2-4 times a day.

The highest daily dose: 6.0 g.

The highest single dose: 1.0 g.

Side effects:

Central and peripheral nervous system: rarely - convulsions.

Hemopoietic system: thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leukopenia, an increase in prothrombin index and coagulation time.

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased activity of hepatic enzymes, hepatic or cholestatic jaundice, intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Dermatological reactions: local reactions - compaction at the injection site, candidiasis dermatitis, vulvovaginitis.

urinary system: rarely - the development of hypokalemia.

Allergic reactions.

Overdose:

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuromuscular excitability, convulsive attacks.

Treatment is symptomatic, hemodialysis.

Interaction:

Simultaneous application with probenecid slows the renal excretion of cefazolin.

"Loop diuretics" block the tubular secretion of cefazolin.

Special instructions:

Simultaneous use with ethanol can cause a disulfiram-like reaction.

Instructions

Cefazolin (Cefazolinum)