Acyclovir - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

Antiviral (antiherpetic) agent for external use is a synthetic analogue of the nucleoside thymidine, which is a natural component of DNA.In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, phosphorylation and conversion to acyclovir monophosphate occurs. Under the influence of guanylyl cyclase acyclovir, monophosphate is converted to diphosphate and under the influence of several cellular enzymes - into triphosphate. High selectivity of action and low toxicity for humans are due to the lack of the necessary enzyme for the formation of acyclovir monophosphate in intact cells of the macroorganism.

Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits the synthesis (replication) of the virus DNA by three mechanisms: 1) competitively replaces deoxyguanosine triphosphate in DNA synthesis; 2) "embedded" in the synthesized DNA chain and stops its elongation; 3) inhibits the enzyme DNA polymerase of viruses. As a result, the reproduction of the virus in the human body is disrupted.

Specificity and very high selectivity of action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus.

Highly active against viruses Herpes simplex 1 and 2 types; a virus that causes varicella and shingles (Varicella zoster); of the Epstein-Barr virus (virus types are listed in order of increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of acyclovir).

Moderately active against cytomegalovirus.

With herpes, prevents the formation of new elements of the rash, reduces the likelihood of cutaneous dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster. It has an immunostimulating effect.

Pharmacokinetics:

When applying the ointment on intact skin: the absorption is minimal; not detected in blood and urine. Affected skin: moderate absorption; in patients with normal renal function, the serum concentration in the serum is up to 0.28 μg / ml, in patients with chronic renal insufficiency it is up to 0.78 μg / ml. It is excreted by the kidneys (up to 9.4% of the daily dose).

Indications:

Simple herpes simplex, genital herpes (primary and recurrent); localized shingles (ancillary treatment).

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valaciclovir or to any other component of the drug.

Carefully:

Pregnancy, the period of breastfeeding.

Pregnancy and lactation:

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible if the intended benefit to the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus.

When entering the systemic bloodstream mother acyclovir penetrates into breast milk, but the amount of a drug that a child can receive with the use of an ointment is very small.

Dosing and Administration:

Outwardly.

Ointment is applied to the affected skin areas 5-6 times a day (as soon as possible after the onset of infection) at regular intervals.

It is important to begin treatment of a recurring infection during the prodromal phase or at the very onset of infection.

Duration of treatment - at least 5 days and not more than 10 days.

Side effects:Soreness and allergic reactions, burning in the place of application, itching, skin rash, vulvitis, edema at the site of application. These phenomena disappear after the drug is discontinued.

Overdose:

Symptoms (if accidentally swallowed): headache, neurological disorders, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired renal function, lethargy, convulsions, coma. Treatment: maintenance of vital functions, hemodialysis.

Interaction:The use together with immunostimulants enhances the effect of acyclovir.

Special instructions:

The effectiveness of treatment will be higher the earlier it was started (at the first signs of infection).

Avoid application to the mucous membranes (especially the mouth and nose), as well as getting into the eyes. For use in ophthalmology, there is another dosage form of acyclovir.

Do not bathe or bathe immediately after applying the drug.

To realize the therapeutic effect of acyclovir, the state of the body's immune system is important. Patients with reduced immunity (with HIV / AIDS or after bone marrow transplantation) should receive systemic administration of the drug against the background of topical application of acyclovir ointment, as well as in case of severe and recurrent course of herpetic infection.

To prevent autoinoculation to other areas of the skin, use fingertips or rubber gloves.

Acyclovir does not prevent sexual transmission of herpes, therefore during treatment it is necessary to abstain from sexual intercourse, even in the absence of clinical manifestations.

Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:When applied topically in therapeutic doses, the drug does not affect ability to drive vehicles, work with mechanisms and engage in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Form release / dosage:

Ointment for external use 5%.

Packaging:

5 g and 10 g in an aluminum tube.Each tube together with the instruction for use is placed in a pack of cardboard.

Storage conditions:

At a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life:2 years. Do not use after the expiry date printed on the package.

Terms of leave from pharmacies:Without recipe

Registration number:LS-000486

Date of registration:01.06.2010 / 07.07.2014

Expiration Date:Unlimited

The owner of the registration certificate:TATHIMFARMPREPARATY, JSC TATHIMFARMPREPARATY, JSC Russia

Manufacturer: & nbsp

TATHIMFARMPREPARATY, JSC Russia

Information update date: & nbsp30.09.2017

Illustrated instructions

Instructions

Acyclovir (Aciclovir)