Acyclovir - instructions for use, dose, side effects, contraindications

In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, phosphorylation and conversion to acyclovir monophosphate occurs. Under the influence of guanylate cyclase acyclovir monophosphate is converted into diphosphate and under the influence of several cellular enzymes - into triphosphate. High selectivity of action and low toxicity for humans are due to the lack of the necessary enzyme for the formation of acyclovir triphosphate in intact cells of the macroorganism. Acyclovir triphosphate, built into the virus-synthesized deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), blocks the multiplication of the virus. Specificity and very high selectivity of action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus.

Highly active against the virus Herpes simplex 1 and 2 types; a virus that causes varicella and shingles (Varicella zoster); of the Epstein-Barr virus (the types of viruses are listed in order of increasing value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acyclovir). Moderately active against cytomegalovirus (CMV).

With herpes prevents the formation of new elements of the rash, reduces the likelihood of cutaneous dissemination and visceral complications,accelerates the formation of crusts, reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster.

Pharmacokinetics:

Acyclovir easily penetrates the epithelium of the cornea and creates a therapeutic concentration in the aqueous humor. At present, there are no methods for determining acyclovir in the blood when applied as an ophthalmic ointment. Acyclovir with external application is determined only in urine, and in a small amount. This concentration has no therapeutic significance.

Indications:Herpetic keratitis caused by a virus Herpes simplex 1 or 2 types.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir. Breastfeeding period.

Pregnancy and lactation:

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible if the potential benefit to the mother exceeds the possible risk to the fetus.

The drug is found in breast milk after entering the systemic bloodstream of the mother, so for the period of treatment breastfeeding should be discontinued.

Dosing and Administration:

Locally.

For adults and children, ophthalmic ointment in the form of a strip 1 cm long is inserted into the lower conjunctival sac 5 times a day (every 4 hours) until healing.

The treatment is continued for 3 more days after the healing.

Side effects:

Side effects are given in accordance with the frequency of occurrence in clinical trials: very often - more than 10%; often more than 1% and less than 10%; infrequently - more than 0.1% and less than 1%; rarely - more than 0.01 % and less than 0.1%; very rarely - less than 0.01%.

Allergic reactions: very rarely - immediate hypersensitivity reactions (including angioedema).

From the side of the organ of vision: infrequently - spot superficial keratopathy (does not require cessation of treatment and disappears without consequences); often - a light burning (passing with time); infrequently - conjunctivitis; rarely - blepharitis.

Overdose:

Overdose is possible if accidentally swallowed.

Symptoms: headache, neurologic disorders, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired renal function, lethargy, convulsions, coma.

Treatment: maintenance of vital functions, hemodialysis.

Interaction:The use together with immunostimulants enhances the effect of acyclovir.

Special instructions:

The effectiveness of treatment will be higher the earlier it was started (at the first signs of infection).

During the treatment with ophthalmic acyclovir, contact lenses are not recommended. To realize the therapeutic effect of acyclovir, the state of the body's immune system is important. Patients with reduced immunity against topical application of acyclovir ointment should be administered systemic administration of the drug, as well as in the case of severe and recurrent course of herpetic infection.

Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:

After applying the drug, a temporary decrease in the clearness of the visual perception is possible, and before its restoration it is not recommended to drive the car and engage in activities requiring increased attention and reaction.

Form release / dosage:Eye ointment 3%.

Packaging:

By 3 grams, 5 grams in tubes are aluminum or laminated.

Each tube with instructions for use in a pack of cardboard.

Storage conditions:

At a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life:

5 years. Eye ointment should be used within 1 month after opening the package.

The drug should not be used after the expiry date indicated on the package.

Terms of leave from pharmacies:Without recipe

Registration number:LSR-004809/10

Date of registration:27.05.2010 / 24.12.2014

Expiration Date:Unlimited

The owner of the registration certificate:SYNTHESIS, OJSC SYNTHESIS, OJSC Russia

Manufacturer: & nbsp

SYNTHESIS, OJSC Russia

Information update date: & nbsp30.09.2017

Illustrated instructions

Instructions

Acyclovir (Aciclovir)