Active substanceDiclofenacDiclofenac
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  • Dosage form: & nbspSolution for intramuscular injection.
    Composition:

    Composition per ml of preparation:

    active substance: diclofenac sodium - 25,0 mg;

    Excipients: N-acetylcysteine - 1,0 mg; benzyl alcohol - 40,0 mg; mannitol 6.0 mg; sodium hydroxide - 0.2 mg; Propylene glycol 200.0 mg, water for injection - 756,8 mg.

    Composition per 1 ampoule containing 3 ml of the drug:

    active substance: diclofenac sodium - 75,0 mg;

    Excipients: N-acetylcysteines - 3,0 mg; benzyl alcohol - 120,0 mg; mannitol - 18,0 mg; sodium hydroxide - 0,7 mg; propylene glycol - 600,0 mg, water for injection - 2270,3 mg.

    Description:Transparent solution from colorless to yellowish color.
    Pharmacotherapeutic group:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    ATX: & nbsp

    S.01.B.C.03   Diclofenac

    M.01.A.B.05   Diclofenac

    Pharmacodynamics:Diclofenac, a derivative of phenylacetic acid, has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect.
    By indiscriminately inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX1 and COX2), it disrupts the metabolism of arachidonic acid, reduces the amount of prostaglandins in the inflammatory focus.In rheumatic diseases, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of diclofenac significantly reduces the severity of pain, morning stiffness, swelling of the joints and improvement of joint function. With injuries and in the postoperative period diclofenac reduces pain and inflammatory swelling. Diclofenac also has antiaggregant effect.

    In rheumatic diseases, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of diclofenac lead to a clinical response characterized by a noticeable relief of such signs and symptoms as restlessness, movement pain, morning stiffness and swelling of the joints, and also improves their function.

    In inflammatory processes after trauma and after surgery diclofenac quickly alleviates both spontaneous pain and pain during movement, and reduces inflammatory edema and wound swelling.

    In clinical studies, there was also a pronounced analgesic effect of diclofenac with moderate severity and severe pain syndrome of non-rheumatic nature. Clinical studies also showed that with primary dysmenorrhea diclofenac can alleviate pain and reduce the severity of bleeding.
    Pharmacokinetics:

    Suction

    Rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection at a dose of 75 mg. Time to reach the maximum concentration (CmOh) in the blood plasma is 20 minutes. FROMmOh in blood plasma is 2.5 μg / ml.

    Intravenous administration of 75 mg of diclofenac sodium is carried out for 2 hours, the average concentration of intravenous administration is 1.9 μg / ml.

    Reducing the time of administration leads to an increase in plasma concentrations.

    The amount of absorbing active substance is in linear dependence on the amount of the drug.

    The area under the "concentration-time" curve (AUC) after intramuscular administration of diclofenac is approximately 2 times greater than that after oral or rectal administration, since in the latter cases about half the amount of diclofenac is metabolized by "first passage" through the liver. With subsequent administration of the drug, pharmacokinetic parameters do not change. Under the conditions of observing the recommended intervals between the administration of the drug, cumulation is not noted.

    Distribution

    The connection with blood plasma proteins is more than 99.7% (mainly with albumins - 99.4%). The apparent volume of distribution is 0.12-0.17 l / kg. Diclofenac penetrates into the synovial fluid, while the maximum concentration (CmOh) it is achieved 2 to 4 hours later than in blood plasma. Apparent half-life (T1/2) of the synovial fluid is 3-6 hours. 2 hours after reaching the maximum concentration (CmOh) in the blood plasma, the concentration of diclofenac in the synovial fluid is higher than in the blood plasma and remains higher for another 12 hours.

    Metabolism

    Metabolized as a result of multiple or single hydroxylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid. In the metabolism of the drug takes part isoenzyme CYP2C9. The pharmacological activity of metabolites is an order of magnitude lower than that of diclofenac.

    Excretion

    The total system clearance is 263 ± 56 ml / min. The final T1/2 is 1 -2 hours. T1/2 4 metabolites, including two pharmacologically active metabolites, is also short-lived and is 1 to 3 hours. About 60% of the administered dose is excreted as metabolites by the kidneys; less than 1% is unchanged, the rest of the dose is excreted as metabolites with bile.

    The concentration of diclofenac in the blood plasma depends linearly on the value of the dose taken.

    Pharmacokinetics in selected patient groups

    Absorption, metabolism and excretion of the drug do not depend on age. However, in some patients, a 15-minute intravenous infusion of diclofenac led to an increase in the plasma concentration of the drug by 50% compared with that expected in adult patients. In patients with impaired renal function, cumulation of the unchanged active substance is not observed when the recommended dosage regimen is observed. When creatinine clearance (CK) is less than 10 ml / min, the calculated equilibrium concentrations of diclofenac hydroxy metabolites are approximately 4 times higher than in healthy volunteers. In this case, metabolites are excreted exclusively with bile.

    In patients with chronic hepatitis or compensated cirrhosis, pharmacokinetics are similar to those in patients without liver disease.

    Indications:- inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease), gouty arthritis,rheumatic damage of soft tissues, osteoarthritis of peripheral joints and spine, including with radicular syndrome, tendovaginitis, bursitis);
    - neuralgia, myalgia, lumboschialgia, postgraumatic pain syndrome, accompanied by inflammation, postoperative pain, headache, migraine;

    - pain syndrome and / or inflammation in gynecology (dysmenorrhea, andexitis);

    - post-traumatic and postoperative pain syndrome, accompanied by inflammation;

    - renal and biliary colic;

    - severe migraine attacks.

    The main treatment of the disease is carried out in accordance with generally accepted principles, including the appointment of etiotropic therapy. Isolated fever is not an indication for the use of the drug. The drug is intended for symptomatic therapy, reducing pain and inflammation at the time of application, the progression of the disease is not affected.
    Contraindications:
    - hypersensitivity to diclofenac (including other NSAIDs) and other components of the drug;

    - complete or incomplete combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent nasal polyposis and paranasal sinuses, and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or other NSAIDs (incl.in the anamnesis);

    - erosive and ulcerative changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum, active gastrointestinal bleeding, cerebrovascular or other bleeding;

    - inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, proctitis) in the phase of exacerbation;

    - hemophilia and other bleeding disorders;

    - severe hepatic insufficiency or any active liver disease;

    - severe renal failure (CC less than 30 ml / min);

    - Decompensated heart failure;

    - early postoperative period after aortocoronary bypass surgery;

    - confirmed hyperkalismia;

    - pregnancy (III trimester);

    - lactation period;

    - children's age (under 18 years).
    Carefully:
    - with ulcerative lesions of the stomach or intestines, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, liver function disorders in history, with complaints of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases. The risk of developing gastrointestinal bleeding increases with an increase in the dose of NSAIDs or in the presence of ulcerative anamnesis, especially bleeding and perforation of the ulcer and in the elderly;

    - receiving drugs that increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: systemic glucocorticosteroids, antiaggregants (including clopidogrel, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)), anticoagulants (including warfarin) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline);

    - with mild and moderate impairment of liver function, as well as with hepatic porphyria, since the drug can provoke porphyria attacks;

    - with bronchial asthma, seasonal allergic rhinitis, edema of the nasal mucosa (including with nasal polyps), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic infectious diseases of the respiratory tract (especially associated with allergic erythroid-like symptoms);

    - with cardiovascular diseases (including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, compensated heart failure, peripheral vascular disease), renal dysfunction including chronic renal failure (CK 30-60 ml / min), dyslipidemia / hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension ,in the treatment of smokers or alcohol abusers, patients receiving diuretics or other drugs affecting the function of the kidneys, as well as patients with a significant decrease in the volume of circulating blood (BCC) of any etiology, for example, before and after massive surgical interventions;

    - with defects in the hemostatic system, with a risk of developing cardiovascular thrombosis (including myocardial infarction and strokes);

    - elderly (including weakened and low body weight).
    Pregnancy and lactation:
    Prescribe the drug in the I and II trimesters of pregnancy should be only in cases where the expected benefit for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus.

    Contraindicated in the use of diclofenac in pregnant women during the 111th trimester because of the possibility of developing weakness in the uterine labor activity and / or premature closure of the arterial duct. Diclofenac is excreted in breast milk, therefore, when taking the drug during lactation, it is necessary to resolve the issue of stopping breastfeeding.
    Dosing and Administration:Intramuscular injections of diclofenac are intended for short-term (no more than 2 days) treatment of pains of various genesis of moderate intensity,if necessary, treatment can be continued with other dosage forms of the drug. The solution must be used transparently. Do not use a solution with a crystalline or other precipitate.

    Do not mix the solution with solutions of other medicines. It is administered deep intramuscularly, into the upper outer quadrant of the buttock or the outer part of the middle third of the thigh.

    Single dose for adults 75 mg (1 ampoule). If necessary, repeated administration is possible, but not earlier than 12 hours.
    Side effects:

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adverse reactions are classified according to their frequency of development as follows: very often (>1/10), often (>1/100, <1/10), infrequently (>1/1000, <1/100), rarely (>1/10000, <1/1000) and very rarely (<1/10000); frequency is unknown - according to available data, it was not possible to establish the frequency of occurrence.

    From the gastrointestinal tract:

    often: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain, flatulence, anorexia;

    rarely: gastritis, vomiting with an admixture of blood, gastrointestinal bleeding, melena, stomach or bowel ulcers, possibly with complications (bleeding, perforation), frequent stools with a trace of blood, proctitis;

    rarely: stomatitis, glossitis, esophageal motility disorder, nonspecific hemorrhagic colitis, exacerbation of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, esophagitis, constipation, pancreatitis, exacerbation of hemorrhoids, intestinal adhesions.

    From the nervous system:

    often: headache, dizziness;

    rarely: drowsiness;

    rarely: a disorder of sensitivity (including paresthesia), memory impairment, tremor, convulsions, a sense of anxiety, a disorder of cerebral circulation, aseptic meningitis (more often in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other systemic connective tissue diseases), depression, irritability, weakness, disorientation, nightmares, insomnia.

    From the sense organs:

    often: vertigo;

    rarely: noise in the ears, hearing impairment, blurred vision (blurred vision), diplopia, a violation of taste sensations.

    From the urinary system:

    rarely: acute renal failure, hematuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, interstitial nephritis, papillary necrosis.

    On the part of the organs of hematopoiesis and lymphatic system:

    rarely: anemia (including hemolytic and aplastic anemia), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (thrombocytopenic purpura), eosinophilia, agranulocytosis.

    From the immune system:

    rarely: hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reactions (including

    decrease in blood pressure (BP) and shock);

    rarely: angioedema (including Quincke's edema).

    From the respiratory system:

    rarely: cough, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema;

    rarely: pneumonitis.

    From the side of the cardiovascular system:

    infrequently: myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure,

    heart palpitations and chest pain;

    rarely: increased blood pressure, vasculitis, extrasystole.

    From the skin:

    often: skin itching, skin rash;

    rarely: hives;

    rarely: Bullous rash, eczema, erythema, polymorphic erythema,

    epidermal necrolysis (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell syndrome),

    exfoliative dermatitis, alopecia, photosensitivity reactions,

    purple, purple Shenlaine-Henoch.

    Co sides of the liver and bile ducts:

    often: increased activity of "liver" transaminases;

    rarely: jaundice, liver damage;

    rarely: hepatitis (possibly fulminant), necrosis of the liver,

    cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic insufficiency.

    Violations at the place of administration:

    often: pain, compaction at the injection site;

    rarely: edema, necrosis at the injection site.

    Overdose:

    Symptoms, vomiting, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, tinnitus, shortness of breath, myoclonic cramps, respiratory depression, impaired liver and kidney function, coma.

    Treatment: supportive and symptomatic therapy is indicated for such violations as a decrease in blood pressure. Renal failure, convulsions, gastrointestinal disturbances and respiratory depression. Forced diuresis, hemodialysis are ineffective (since most of the drug binds to plasma proteins and is extensively metabolized).

    Interaction:
    Increases the toxicity of methotrexate and nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine and gold preparations.

    Acetylsalicylic acid reduces the concentration of diclofenac in the blood. Simultaneous use of diclofenac and paracetamol increases the risk of developing nephrotoxic effect.

    Cefamandol, cefoperazone, cefotetan, valproic acid and plikamycin increase the incidence of hypoprothrombinemia.

    Simultaneous use with ethanol, colchicine, corticotropin and preparations of St. John's wort increases the risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

    Diclofenac enhances the effect of drugs that cause photosensitivity.

    Drugs that block tubular secretion, increase the concentration of diclofenac in the blood plasma, thereby increasing its toxicity.
    Special instructions:

    To reduce the risk of developing adverse events, a minimally effective dose of diclofenac should be used with the minimum possible short course.

    Gastrointestinal tract

    When using diclofenac, there were such phenomena as bleeding or ulceration / perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, in some cases with a fatal outcome. Patients with an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal complications, as well as those receiving low-dose acetylsalicylic acid therapy or other drugs that can increase the risk of gastrointestinal damage, should take gastroprotectors (for example, proton pump inhibitors or misoprostol). Patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, especially the elderly, should be told the doctor about the symptoms of the digestive system.

    Skin Reactions

    In rare cases with diclofnac treatment, such serious dermatological reactions as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, in some cases fatal cases have been noted. When developing in patients receiving diclofenac sodium, the first signs of skin rash, lesions of the mucous membranes or other symptoms of hypersensitivity drug should be canceled.

    Effects on the liver

    In the presence of symptoms of hepatotoxicity (including nausea, diarrhea, pruritus, jaundice), diclofenac treatment should be discontinued. When conducting therapy, it is necessary to monitor liver function, a clinical blood test, a fecal occult blood test.

    Effects on the kidneys

    Because of the important role of prostaglandins in maintaining renal blood flow, caution should be exercised when treating elderly patients taking diuretics and patients who for any reason have a decrease in circulating blood volume (for example, after surgery). If in such cases appoint diclofenac, it is recommended, as a precaution, to monitor kidney function.

    Effects on the hematopoietic system

    Diclofenac temporarily inhibits platelet aggregation, so patients with bleeding disorders are advised to regularly monitor appropriate laboratory readings.

    Patients with bronchial asthma

    In patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps,

    chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic

    infectious diseases of the respiratory tract (especially those associated with

    allergic rhinitis-like symptoms) are most often noted

    intolerance to NSAIDs, bronchial asthma, Quincke's edema and urticaria. Have of this group of patients, as well as in patients with allergies to other drugs (rash, itching, urticaria), special care should be taken when prescribing the drug.

    Diclofenac affects female fertility, so patients with infertility (including undergoing examination) are recommended to cancel the drug.

    Long-term diclofenac therapy and high-dose therapy may lead to an increased risk of developing serious cardiovascular thrombotic complications (including myocardial infarction and stroke).

    Diclofenac can mask the symptoms of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

    Effect on the ability to drive transp. cf. and fur:Patients who experience dizziness or other unpleasant sensations on the part of the nervous system, including visual impairment, should refrain from driving motor vehicles and practicing potentially dangerous activities that require increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
    Form release / dosage:
    Solution for intramuscular injection 25 mg / ml.
    Packaging:
    3 ml into ampoules of colorless glass (type I) with a control point (white or blue).

    5 ampoules together with instructions for use in a cardboard box with a cardboard holder for ampoules.
    Storage conditions:In the dark place at a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.
    Shelf life:
    4 years.

    Do not use after the expiration date.
    Terms of leave from pharmacies:On prescription
    Registration number:П N011215 / 04
    Date of registration:23.07.2010
    The owner of the registration certificate:Sandoz d.Sandoz d. Slovenia
    Manufacturer: & nbsp
    Representation: & nbspSANDOZ SANDOZ Switzerland
    Information update date: & nbsp17.02.2016
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